POLITICAL AND

LEADERSHIP
STRUCTURES
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
 A political organization or political
organization is any organization that involves
itself in the political process,
including political parties, non-governmental
organizations, advocacy groups and special
interest groups.
TYPES OF POLITICAL
ORGANIZATIONS
ACEPHALOUS SOCIETIES
 Also known as stateless societies.
 There is no central authority, administrative power, and judicial
institution.
 Small scale groups that create decisions through consensus or
voting systems.
 Culturally homogenous
 Primarily agriculturally-dependent
 Marriage practices are polygamous.
 Religious beliefs are animistic
 An example of a stateless society is the Nuer group from South
CEPHALOUS SOCIETIES
 Also known as state societies.
 A central governmental institution, authority, and judicial
power over its people.
 Wealth, status, and privilege correspond to authority and
power
 Borders or territories are strictly guarded.
 Culturally heterogenous
 Leaders of state societies need to foster good relationships
with leaders from other state societies.
CLASSIFICATION OF
SOCIETIES
BANDS
 Smallest and most primitive
 Live autonomously and are comprised of small kin.
 Hunting and gathering is their typical way of life.
 it typically consists of 20-50 individuals who are
usually related to one another by virtue of kinship.
 A band is usually a very small, oftentimes nomadic.
The process of band splitting along family
lines
The process of leaving a band and
creates a new one.
 this implies that individuals in the group have equal access to resources and values
 Do not not have a formal and organized political
structure.
 Usually bigger than bands and are primarily food
producers.
 Give great value on agriculture and husbandry
than hunting and gathering.
 Social order is maintained through a kinship and
family system led by a community head.
 it is a political organization that consists of segmentary lineages
 A tribe is a combination of smaller kin or non-kin groups, linked by a common culture, that
usually act as one. Sort of multi-grouped and usually bigger than bands, tribes tend to contain
communities that are a bit larger. Tribes often dabble in agriculture and herding, making it
easier to support a larger yet still rather small population.
 More complex than tribes and bands.
 Already have a form of social and political
structure characterized by a community leader.
 Dependent upon the judgment of chief.
 Economic activities among chiefdoms are more
advanced and successful compared to that of
tribes and bands.