VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

Presentation on
HEADS AND EFFICIENCIES OF HYDRAULIC TURBINES
Presented by

Amith K. 4BB16ME005
Faisal Khan K. 4BB16ME013
Rakshith R. 4BB16ME029
Seemant Tiwari . 4BB16M3034
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Manjunath N. B.E.,M.Tech.,(Ph.d).,
Sr Asst. Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Bahubali College of Engineering
Shravanabelagola – 573135
2018-19 1
 CONTENTS
1. Aim

2. Introduction

3. Different types of Hydraulic heads

4. Classifications of efficiencies of hydaraulic turbines

5. Draft tubes

6. Conclusion

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 Aim

To study the different types of hydraulic heads,

various efficiencies of hydraulic turbines and
different types of draft tubes.

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 INTRODUCTION

o Hydraulic turbines are the machines which convert the hydro

energy into mechanical energy.
o Efficiency in general is defined as the ratio of power delivered to
the shaft (brake Power) to the power taken from water.
o In a reaction turbine, water leaves the runner with remaining
kinetic energy. To recover as much of this energy as possible, the
runner outlet is connected to a diffuser, called draft tube. The draft
tube converts dynamic pressure (kinetic energy) into static
pressure.

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 HYDRAULIC HEADS
Hydraulic heads can be classified into two types;
1. Gross head.
2. Effective head.

Gross head: It is the difference between the head

race and tail race level when there is no flow.

Effective head:It is the head available at the inlet of

the turbine. It is obtained by considerin all losses.
fig:Layout of Hydro-electric power
plant
 Efficiencies of Hydraulic Turbines
Efficiency in general is defined as the ratio of power delivered to the
shaft (brake Power) to the power taken from water.
Efficiencies are;
Various efficiencies of hydraulic turbines are,
1. Hydraulic efficiency.
2. Volumetric efficiency.
3. Mechanical efficiency.
4. Overall efficiency.
Hydraulic efficiency:
It is the ratio of the power developed by the runner to the water power
available at the inlet of turbine.
Volumetric efficiency:
It is the ratio of the quantity of water striking the runner to the
quantity of water supplied to the runner.

Mechanical efficiency:
It is the ratio of shaft power output by the turbine to the power
developed by the runner.
Overall efficiency:
It is the ratio of shaft output power by the turbine to the water
power available at the inlet of the turbine.

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 Draft Tubes
• The aim of the draft tube is to convert the main part of the
kinetic energy at the runner outlet to pressure energy at the draft
tube outlet.
• The water after passing through the runner enters the draft tube,
which directs the water to the point of discharge.
• In a reaction turbine, water leaves the runner with remaining
kinetic energy. To recover as much of this energy as possible, the
runner outlet is connected to a diffuser, called draft tube. The
draft tube converts the dynamic pressure (kinetic energy) into
static pressure dynamic pressure (kinetic energy) into static
pressure.
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 CONCLUSION

• There are wide range of opportunities to improve the

global performance of hydro plant under challenging
conditions.

• Careful techno–economic investigation also carried

out to ensure optimum use of resources and best
return on investments.

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Thank You…

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