Ethical use of

Information
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners are able to:
Identify the importance of proper sourcing of data
Validate information
Value the ethical use of communicating information
KNOWLEDGE
IS POWER
PLAGIARISM
Using other people’s word and ideas
without clearly acknowledging the
source of the information.
Common Knowledge
Facts that can be found numerous places and
are likely to be widely known.
Example:
Rodrigo R. Duterte is elected President of
Philippines in 2016. This is generally known
information. You do not need to document this
fact.
Interpretation
You must document facts that are not
generally known, or ideas that interpret facts.
Example:
Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball
player ever to have played the game. This idea
is not a fact but an interpretation or an
opinion. You need to cite the source.
Quotation
Using someone’s words directly. When you use a
direct quote, place the passage between quotation
marks, and document the source according to a
standard documenting style.
Example:
According to John Smith in the New York Times,
“37% of all children under the age of 10 live below
the poverty line”. You need to cite the source.
Paraphrase
Using someone’s ideas, but rephrasing
them in your own words. Although you will
use your own words to paraphrase, you
must still acknowledge and cite the source
of the information.
Strategies in avoiding Plagiarism
Submit your own work for publication.
Put quotation marks around everything that
comes directly from the text and cite the
source.
Paraphrase, but be sure that you are not
simply rearranging or replacing a few words
and cite the source.
Keep a source journal, a notepad, or note
cards-annotated bibliographies can be
especially beneficial
Use the style manual in properly citing
sources
Get help from the writing center or library
When do I need to cite?
Whenever you borrow words or ideas,
you need to acknowledge their source.
Creating a
Reference List
Books
Author’s name, last name first. Use initials only for first
and middle name. Followed by a period and a space.
Date of publication in brackets, followed by a period and
a space.
Title of book in italics followed by a period and a space.
City, colon, name of publisher, period
Sample:
Gough, B. (1997). First across the continent: Sir
Alexander MacKenzie. Toronto: MacLellan & Stewart
Encyclopedia
Author of article (see end of article)
Year in brackets period space.
Title of article period space.
In name of encyclopedia (in italics) no punctuation
Volume and page number in brackets, period space.
City: publisher.
Sample:
Stevens, C.F. (2000). Nervous System. In World Book Encyclopedia
(Vol. 14, pp. 132-136). Chichago: World Book Inc,
Websites
Author’s name, period, space. (omit if there is no author given)
Date of site creation in brackets, followed by a period, space.
Title of page in italics, period, space.
Retrieved (date) from (url) no period.
Sample:
Schrock, K. (1995, June 1). Kathy Schrock’s Guide for Educator. Retrieved
December 11, 2004, from http://school.discovery.com/schrock_guide/
END of Slides