Conventions in Citing Sources Notes

Evaluating Sources
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Evaluating Sources
Accuracy
• reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the content
Authorship and Publication
• source of the information
Currency
• timeliness of the information
Objectivity
fairness of the information
Layout
• structure of the information
Plagiarism
• It is defined as the unauthorized use or copying of
another person’s work or ideas.
• It was said that copying a person’s work verbatim

and failing to give credit to the content creator is
the clearest form of plagiarism.

How can we avoid plagiarism?
I can avoid plagiarism by...
• taking down notes;
• using quotations ;
• paraphrasing correctly; and
• checking my citations.
Conventions in Writing
Sources

Conventions in Writing Sources
• In academic or professional writing, citing sources
of information is imperative.
• It is an “etiquette” that encompasses both the

social and moral aspects of writing.

What is citation?
• A citation is a reference to the source of information used in one’s
written work.
• In academic writing, citing sources is an important skill one must

learn.
• Citation will not only prove one’s honesty, but also gives a
glimpse on how a piece of written work was constructed.

Purposes of Citing Sources
1. To give credit to the author/s of the source/s that you used for
your writing project
2. To furnish readers with extended information about your

source/s
3. To provide credibility to your work and place your work in

context
4. To avoid plagiarism and maintain academic credibility

When should I cite?
You should cite…
• when you quote;

• when you paraphrase;
• when you use little- known info; and
• when you use non- text sources.
American Psychological
Association (APA)

• Citing sources is important, especially when one
paraphrases or directly quotes information. When
a source is cited “in the text,” it is often referred to
as an in-text citation.

In-text Citation
A. Parenthetical- Both the author and the date, separated
by a comma, appear in parentheses for parenthetical
citation.
Example:
Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s
perception of expert consensus on an issue (Koehler, 2016,
p. 62).

American Psychological Association (APA)
B. Narrative- The author appears in running text and the
date appears in parentheses immediately after the author’s
name.
Example:
Koehler (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news
coverage.
American Psychological Association (APA)
• In rare cases, the author and the date might both appear
in the narrative. In this case, do not use parentheses.
Example:
In 2016, Koehler noted the dangers of falsely balanced news
coverage.

APA 7 Edition Format
th
Core Components:
• Author
• Date
• Title
• Source
th
1. BOOKS
Template
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of
book. Publisher.
Example
Billones, P., Castro, H., Carpeso, S., & Obillo, M. (2018).
Everyday life in Afro- Asian literature. Phoenix
Publishing House.
th
Example:
- Angelo, R. M. (1985). Understanding
feasibility studies. East Lansing.

th
Example: (Two Authors)

- Balaogan, E. T., & Cargullo, L. C. (2017).
Understand the complex behavior of
adolescence (4th ed.). Cainta & Cainta.
- Bermudez, L., & Cadavido, J. S. (2017). Living as

students overseas. RELC Press.
Analyze the reference list. In your
notebook, write the reference list correctly
by making all the necessary changes.
References:
Stahl, B., Goldstein, E. A mindfulness- based stress reduction workbook.

(2010). New Harbinger Publications.
Vermetten E., Frankova, I., & Carmi, L. IOS Press. Risk management of
terrorism induced stress : Guidelines for the golden hours. (2020).
(2010). The stress and mood management program for individuals with

multiple sclerosis: Workbook. Mohr, D. Oxford University Press.
Answer:
References:
Carmi, L., Frankova, I., & Vermetten E. (2020). Risk management of

terrorism induced stress : Guidelines for the golden hours. IOS Press.
Goldstein, E., & Stahl, B. (2010). A mindfulness- based stress reduction

workbook. New Harbinger Publications.
Mohr, D. (2010). The stress and mood management program for individuals

with multiple sclerosis : Workbook. Oxford University Press.

Using the information in the box, convert them into a reference list
entry. Write your answer in your notebook.
Author: Benedict Anderson
Title of the Book: Imagined Communities: Reflections on the
Origins and Spread of Nationalism
Year of Publication: 1983
Publisher: Verso
Answer:
____________. __________. ______________.
_______________.
Using the information in the box, convert them into a
reference list entry. Write your answer in your notebook.
Answer:
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections

on the origins and spread of nationalism. Verso.

Author: Linda Dorn and Carla Soffos
Title of the Book: Teaching for deep comprehension
Year of Publication: 2005
Publisher: Maine: Stenhouse Publishers
Answer:
____________. __________. ______________.
_______________.
Answer:
Dorn, L. & Soffos, C. (2005). Teaching for deep
comprehension. Maine: Stenhouse Publishers.

th
2. Newspaper Articles
Template
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Newspaper

Title, pages- pages.
Example
Ramos, M. (2020, October 26). Philhealth- Red Cross
agreement questioned. Philippine Daily Inquirer, 24- 26.
Author: Zacarian Sarao
Date: August 6, 2021
Title of article: Gov’t Target: COVID-19 vaccination for 30 % of
population by end of August
Newspaper Title: Philippine Daily Inquirer
Pages: 30- 36
Answer:
_______________.______________________________________.
______________, ____________.
Answer:
Sarao, Z. (2021, August 6). Gov’t target: COVID-19

vaccination for 30 % of population by end of
August. Philippine Daily Inquirer, 30- 36.

Author: Stephen Johnson
Date: March 24, 2021
Title of article: Polls differ on success of ranked- choice voting awareness
Newspaper Title: The New York Amsterdam News
Pages: 72- 78
Answer:
_______________.___________________
___________________.
______________, ____________.
reference entry. Write your answer in your notebook.
Answer:
Johnson, S. (2021, March 24). Polls differ on success of ranked-

choice voting awareness. The New York Amsterdam
News, 72- 78.

Author: Lois Elfman
Date: November 25, 2020
Title of article: Hoops experience fuels Fleming’s gaming success
Newspaper Title: The New York Amsterdam News
Pages: 35- 35
Answer:
_______________.___________________
___________________.
______________, ____________.
Answer:
Elfman, L. (2020, November 25). Hoops experience fuels

Fleming’s gaming success. The New York Amsterdam
News, 35- 35.

th
3. Magazines
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of
Magazine, Volume (Issue), pages- pages. http://xxxxx
Uyizeye, E. (2020, May). Flying flowers of Rwanda. National

Geographic Explorer, 19(7), 30-32. http://explorer-
mag.nationalgeographic.Org/trailblazer_may_20/cover

Author: Julie Lays

Date: February 18, 2020
Title of article: Moving Toward the Middle: Honest discussions bring
people with diverse political beliefs a little closer.
Title of Magazine: State Legislatures
Volume (Issue): 46(1)
Pages: 20-21
Answer:
_______________.______________________________________.
______________, ____________,_________.
Lays, J. (2020, February 18). Moving toward the middle:

Honest discussions bring people with diverse
political beliefs a little closer. State
Legislatures, 46(1),20–21.

Author: Roger Brereton
Date: August 2, 2021
Title of article: Innovation Showcase: Improving Driver Health With Ergonomics
Title of Magazine: Metro Magazine
Volume (Issue): 117(5)
Pages: 42-43
Link: https://www.metro-magazine.com/10148048/improving-driver-health-with-
ergonomics
Answer:
_______________.____________. ____________.______________.
____________,_________.

Brereton, R. (2021, August 2). Innovation showcase:

Improving driver health with ergonomics.
Metro Magazine, 117(5), 42-43.
https://www.metromagazine.com/
10148048/improving-driver-health-with -
ergonomics

th
4. Films
Template Example
Last, A. A. (Director). (Year). Title of film [Film]. Production

Company.
Bay, M. (Director). (2007). Transformers [Film]. Paramount

Pictures.

Director: Ron Howard

Year: 2001
Title of the Film: A Beautiful Mind
Production Company:Universal Pictures
Answer:
_______________.____________________________________.
______________.

Howard, R. (Director).(2001).A beautiful

mind [Film].Universal Pictures.

Director: Alex Kendrick

Year: 2006
Title of the Film: Facing the Giants
Production Company: Destination Films
Answer:
_______________._____________________________________.
______________.

Kendrick, A. (Director).(2006). Facing the

giants [Film]. Destination Films.

Director: James Dashner

Year: 2011
Title of the Video: The Maze Runner
Production Company: New York: Ember
Answer:
_______________.__________________.___________________.
______________.

Dashner, J.(Director).(2011).The maze

runner [Film]. New York: Ember.

th
5. Online Videos
Username [username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video

[Video]. Website. http://xxxxx
GCFLearnFree.org. [username]. (2018, September 13).

Avoiding plagiarism [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
PzZsButRaHs&ab_channel=GCFLearnFree.org
Username: Ted
Date: March 7, 2013
Title of Video: Richard Turere: My Invention That Made Peace with
Lions
Website: YouTube
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAoo--SeUIk&t=44s
Answer:
_______________.__________________.___________________.
____ __________. ______________.
Ted[username]. (2013, March 7). Richard Turere:

My invention that made peace with lions
[Video].YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v =RAoo--SeUIk&t=44s

Author: Ted
Date: Oct 25, 2012
Title of Video: A 12-year-old app developer | Thomas Suarez
Website: Youtube
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fkd9TWUtFm0
Answer:
_______________.__________________.___________________._
_____________. ______________.

Ted[username]. (2012, October 25). A 12-

year-old app developer| Thomas
Suarez [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=RAoo--SeUIk&t=44s
References:
Lapid, M. & Serrano, J. B. (2018). English and
Communication Arts and Skills Through
Afro-Asian Literature 8, (8th ed.) Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.
Paul Iida. (2020). The Concise APA Handbook:

APA 7th Edition: Vol. APA 7th edition.
Information Age Publishing.

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Evaluating Sources

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

• It was said that copying a person’s work verbatim

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

• It is an “etiquette” that encompasses both the

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

• In academic writing, citing sources is an important skill one must

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

2. To furnish readers with extended information about your

3. To provide credibility to your work and place your work in

4. To avoid plagiarism and maintain academic credibility

• when you quote;

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Example: (Two Authors)

- Bermudez, L., & Cadavido, J. S. (2017). Living as

Stahl, B., Goldstein, E. A mindfulness- based stress reduction workbook.

(2010). The stress and mood management program for individuals with

Carmi, L., Frankova, I., & Vermetten E. (2020). Risk management of

Goldstein, E., & Stahl, B. (2010). A mindfulness- based stress reduction

Mohr, D. (2010). The stress and mood management program for individuals

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Newspaper

Sarao, Z. (2021, August 6). Gov’t target: COVID-19

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Johnson, S. (2021, March 24). Polls differ on success of ranked-

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Elfman, L. (2020, November 25). Hoops experience fuels

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Uyizeye, E. (2020, May). Flying flowers of Rwanda. National

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Author: Julie Lays

Lays, J. (2020, February 18). Moving toward the middle:

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Brereton, R. (2021, August 2). Innovation showcase:

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Last, A. A. (Director). (Year). Title of film [Film]. Production

Bay, M. (Director). (2007). Transformers [Film]. Paramount

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Director: Ron Howard

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Howard, R. (Director).(2001).A beautiful

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Director: Alex Kendrick

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Kendrick, A. (Director).(2006). Facing the

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Director: James Dashner

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Dashner, J.(Director).(2011).The maze

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

Username [username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video

GCFLearnFree.org. [username]. (2018, September 13).

Ted[username]. (2013, March 7). Richard Turere:

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY- NO DISTRIBUTION TO EXTERNAL AND NON-AFFILIATED PLATFORMS