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Lesson
. . 1
Correlation
Lesson 1: Correlation
Bivariate Data
30 2520 28
3065 20
25 3600 18
3300 19
20
3625 19
3590 19
15
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 2605 23
Weight (lbs) 2370 28
Linear
(Increasing) Nonlinear
Linear
Nonlinear Negative
3. 4.
Linear
Positive Nonlinear
xi x yi y
We shall only present the formula for s s
x y
the sample correlation coefficient: r
n 1
The correlation coefficient is a unitless measure of association. The
units of measure for x and y play no role in the interpretation of r.
r ≈ .9 r ≈ .4
r ≈ –.9 r ≈ –.4
(a) r = –0.969
(b) r = –0.049
(c) r = –1
(d) r = –0.992
S xy
r
S xx S yy
x
2
S xx ( xi x ) x
2 2 i
where i
n
y
2
S yy ( yi y ) y
2 2 i
i
n
Sxy ( xi x )( yi y ) xi yi
x y
i i
There is a 2560 28
City Mileage (MPG)
20
between 3300 19
3625 19
weight and 3590 19
15
2000 2500 3000 3500 400 mileage. 2605 23
0
Weight (lbs) 2370 28
r = –.92 2560 28
City Mileage (MPG)
15
3590 19
2000 2500 3000 3500 400 2605 23
0
Weight (lbs) 2370 28