Alcoholometry

Ethanol recuperation
and rectification
Define concentration of ethanol
The ethanol content in aqueous-alcoholic
solutions is determined with glass or metal
alcoholimeters, and also by density with
the help of a densimeter (areometer) or a
picnometer.
 Ethanol concentration
is expressed in percentages in volume Сv (%) and in mass
Cm %. If not specified it is means volume percent.
The relations between volume and mass concentrations
are given in alcoholometric tables, which are made from
the following dependence:
Cv • Panh = Cm • Psol

where Panh – density of anhydrous ethanol;

Psol – density of an aqueous-alcoholic solution.
More exact density measuring of solutions
(0,001) is available by picnometer. After
obtained data the density value at 20 °С and
ethanol concentration may be found in the
alcoholimetric table of Pharmacopoeia.

The alcohol contents in

aqueous-alcoholic solution
also can be determined by
refractometrically or by
surface tension value.
 Recuperation (recovery) – (in translation from the Latin –
return, receipt again) - is a technological operation to return
the valuable extragent from waste materials, condensates in
the production.
They help:
to prevent loss of
ethanol;
to reduce the cost
of finished
product;
to ensure
profitability of
manufacturing.
 Recovery - recuperation
Partial recovery of
ethanol is
displacement
from the waste
material with
water or steam,
stripping with
water.
Recovery is a technological operation to return
the valuable extragent from waste materials.
Recovery is to prevent loss of ethanol;
to reduce the cost of finished product;
to ensure profitability of manufacturing.
Rectification (fixes, clearing) is
separation of
liquids with are
the mutually
mix and have
close boiling
points on
individual
components.
Installation for Rectification
1 - cube span
2 - heater
3 - rectification
columns
5 – reflux
6 - refrigerator
condenser
4, 7 - Pipelines
 Installation for Rectification
1 - cube span
2 - heater
3 - rectification
columns
5 – reflux
6 - refrigerator
condenser
4, 7 - Pipelines
Column for rectification
Spoons column
Column for rectification
Tubes (films) column
Column for rectification
Spraying column
Column for rectification

Column with
attachments
 Column for rectification

Column with
attachments
Column for rectification

Spoons column
 Column for rectification

Column with
attachments
 Column for rectification

Column with
attachments
Columns for rectification
Installation for Recuperation
 Installation for Recuperation

Column with
attachments
 Installation for Recuperation
1 cube span with
perforated bottom
and a steam
jacket.
Cube connected
through trail with
3 refrigerator –
condenser
4 collecter
Installation for Recuperation
1- extractive
column
2 - extractive
column
3, 4 – pumps
6 – condensers
Installation for Recuperation
 Installation for Recuperation
1 - cube span with
heater
2 - rectification
columns
3 - reflux
Installation for Recuperation
 Installation for Recuperation
1 - cube span with
heater
2 - rectification
columns
3 - reflux
4 - pipelines
5 - refrigerator
condenser
6 – collector
Installation for Recuperation
1 - cube span with
heater
2 - rectification
columns
3 - reflux
4 - pipelines
5 - refrigerator
condenser
6 -7 – collectors