Engineering

Mathematics
Lesson 1 – Numbers and Algebra

Lectures by:
Engr. Mark Lawerence Ical
Numbers (basics)
• Review of fractions, decimals, and percentages
• Fractions
• Ratio and proportion
• Decimals
• Percentage

• Extended
• Indices
• Standard form
• Engineering notation and common prefixes
Review of fractions, decimals,
and percentages
• Fractions

1 Numerator
1 3 2
53
2 Denominator 5 2
Proper Improper Mixed
fractions fractions fractions
Review of fractions, decimals,
and percentages
• Fractions: Sample problems

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.
Review of fractions, decimals,
and percentages
• Ratio and Proportions

y u

v x
Review of fractions, decimals,
and percentages
• Ratio and Proportions

u
y=4 =
0.5
z=3

v=2 x = 2.5

u +v+x+y+z
0.5 : 2 : 2.5 : 3 : 4
 • Ratio and Proportions

Billboard-sized tarpaulin
Specification: Area = 256 sq. meters

Compute for the actual space of u, v, x, y, z

• Ratio and Proportions

Compute for the actual space of u, v, x, y, z

Review of fractions, decimals,
and percentages
• Decimals: Sample problems
1.
2.
Review of fractions, decimals,
and percentages
• Decimals: Sample problems
1.
2.

• Percentage: Sample problems

1.

2.
Review: Law of Indices
• The laws of indices are:
Review: Law of Indices
• Examples

1.
6.
2. 7.

3. 8.

4.

5.
Extended basics
• Standard form = Scientific notation

1178.99
=
3
1.17899 x 10
mantissa exponent
Extended basics
• Engineering notation and common prefixes

Big to gigantic objects or quantities

Extended basics
• Engineering notation and common prefixes

Small to minute objects or quantities

Extended basics
• Common engineering prefixes

0.7899 J
=
789.9 mJ
milli-Joules
Algebra
Algebra is that part of mathematics in which the
relations and properties of numbers are investigate
by means of general symbols.
It gives the structure, the form, and the representation
of arithmetic and its laws.

• Let a, b, c, and d represent any numbers.

• a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c - associative property
• a(bc) = (ab)c - associative property
• a+b=b+a - commutative property
• ab = ba - commutative property
• a(b + c) = ab + ac - distributive property
 Algebra
• Sample Problems:
 Review: Law of Indices
• Sample Problems:
Brackets and Factorization
When two or more terms in an algebraic expression
contain a common factor, then this factor can be
shown outside of a bracket. Example:

This process is called factorization and can be very

handy in simplifying very long algebraic expressions.
 Brackets and Factorization
• Sample Problems:
Algebra: Polynomials
• Polynomial expressions
• are very long and complex algebraic expressions.
• example: 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 3 + ⋯
• Polynomial divisions help in solving partial fractions.

Sample Problem: Divide

Algebra: The factor theorem
• There is a simple relationship between the factors of
a quadratic expression and the roots of the equation
obtained by equating the expression to zero.
• Simply put: substituting a value to the equation that
leads to a value of zero (0) means that it is the root
of the equation.
Example:
Take a look on the equation
Algebra: The factor theorem
Sample Problems: Solve the following using factor
theorem.
Algebra: The remainder theorem

• The formula for the remainder theorem is:

Example:
 Engineering
Mathematics
End of Lesson 1 – Numbers and Algebra

Quiz Next Week