REÁKTOR BOLSHÓI

MÓSCHNOSTI KANÁLNY
RBMK
CITIES WHERE THEY WERE LOCATED
 HIGH POWER CONDENSER REACTOR

 Produced in Russia

 It is a graphite reactor as a moderator and cooled by water.

 Uses enriched uranium of around 2.0 percent as solid fuel

 Now. obsolete and are under international pressure to close.

 Primary control method: control rods

STRUCTURE
 THE FIRST OF THEM

 AM-1 (Atom Mirny, "peaceful atom") was designed to produce

(30 MW thermal); from 1954 to 1959.
 Designed so that they could produce plutonium for weapons
and energy.
ACTIVITIES
 EXAMPLE

 It uses long vertical pressure tubes ( 7 m) with a graphite

neutron moderator, and is cooled by water, which is allowed to
boil in the core at 290 ° C. The fuel is low enriched uranium
oxide 3.5 m long, the excess boiling reduces the cooling and
absorption of neutrons without inhibiting the fission reaction,
so the reactor can have a
 high positive bubble coef ficient, which makes it possible for
a positive feedback problem to arise as in the case of the
Chernobyl accident
 POSITIVE BUBBLE COEFFICIENT

 Ordinary (light) water absorbs neutrons quickly, and therefore,

by removing water from the core (as it happens when it boils
and is replaced by steam) it tends to increase the rate at
which the nuclear reaction takes place.
 1986

 One of the four RBMK reactors in Chernobyl exploded in the

worst civil nuclear accident to date.

 Using natural uranium fuel, the RBMK was also intended to

use recycled uranium from the reprocessed fuel of a PWR,
which has a low -enrichment residue. In this configuration it
was also unstable.
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V
=RJZHUJYAC30
CHERNOBYL
 SHIELD

 There is a sealed metal structure, filled with inert gases, to

keep the oxygen away from the graphite (which is usually
close to 700ºC). There is also a robust shield to absorb the
radiation from the reactor core. This includes a base of
concrete, sand and concrete on the sides, and a large
concrete dome at the top. Much of the internal machinery of
the reactor is subject to this dome, including water pipes
 IMPROVEMENTS AFTER THE ACCIDENT

 They have been operated with a reduced number of fuel

elements containing a more enriched type (2.4%), allowing
them to operate with relative safety but contrary to the
original concept.

 Improved control systems, in particular to eliminate the tips

of the graphite rods on the control rods that produced an
immediate increase in power when the rods were first
inserted.
THANKS