HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

By Anil Vishwakarma

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 What is High Voltage distribution system?
 Why High Voltage distribution system is required?
 How High Voltage distribution system is done?

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The distribution is divided into two divisions
 Primary Distribution: Primary Distribution is the network at
11 KV emanating from 33/11 kV SS or 66/11 kV SS
 Secondary Distribution: It is the network operating at
utilization voltage i.e. 440/220 volts at consumer premises.

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 HV Vs LT DISTRIBUTION

 LT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 3PH, 4 WIRE OR 5 WIRE SYSTEM

• OVERHEAD BARE CONDUCTOR (ACSR) OR 1 PH AERIAL BUNCHED CABLE(ABC)
• CABLE (ARMORED IS USED FOR EARTH WIRE AS WELL AS CABLE PROTECTION)
 PROBLEM ARISES OF LVDS
• LOW VOLTAGE, BREAK DOWNS,PILFERAGE, ACCIDENTS, VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION (I
PH UNBALANCE OR SINGLE PHASING)
• HIGH TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL LOSSES, SOME STATES IT IS MORE THAN 30%

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 HV Vs LT DISTRIBUTION

 HVDS DISTRIBUTION IS BASICALLY 11kV OR 33kV 3 PHASE, 3 WIRE

OR 4 WIRE SYSTEM
• OVERHEAD BARE CONDUCTOR(ACSR) OR AERIAL BUNCHED CABLE(ABC)
• UNDERGROUND CABLE ( PRIME OBJECTIVE OF ARMORED IS PROTECTION)
GENERALLY FOR 3 PHASE 3 WIRE SYSTEM
• TYPES OF HVDS SYSTEM
o PHASE -NEUTRAL (NORTH AMERICA)
o PHASE -PHASE (EUROPE)
o PHASE -GROUND ( CERTAIN PART OF NORTH AMERICA AND AUSTRALIA)
LOW RESISTIVITY / EPR SHOULD NOT EXCEED 20V

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EARTH RESISTANCE :-
(A) -EARTH RESISTANCE IS DEPENDED ON FOLLOWING FACTORS.
 1) TYPE OF EARTH SOIL.
 2) TEMPERATURE OF EARTH.
 3) HUMIDITY IN EARTH.
 4) MINERALS IN EARTH.
 5) LENGTH OF ELECTRODE IN THE EARTH.
 6) ELECTRODE SHAPE AND SIZE.
 7) DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO ELECTRODES.
 8) NUMBER OF ELECTRODES.
(B) MAXIMUM EARTH RESISTANCE ALLOWED IS AS BELOW :-
 MAJOR POWER STATION 0.5 OHM.
 MAJOR SUB-STATIONS 1.0 OHM
 MINOR SUB-STATION 2 OHM
 NEUTRAL BUSHING. 2 OHM
 SERVICE CONNECTION 4 OHM
 L.T.LIGHTENING ARRESTOR 4 OHM L.T.POLE 5 OHM
 H.T.POLE 10 OHM
 TOWER 20-30 OHM

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 HVDS PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY

 3 PHASE 3 WIRE - MOSTLY PRACTICE IN INDIA

 MAJORITY OF SOLAR PLANT / WIND PLANT HAVE INTERNAL COLLECTOR
SYSTEM - 3 PHASE 3 WIRE AS TRANSFORMER ARE DELTA/STAR. THE
ENTIRE 33KV OR 11KV AND LT SYSTEM IS 3PH/3WIRE
 PHASE TO NEUTRAL FAULT
 PHASE TO PHASE OR 3 PHASE FAULT
 SELECTION OF CABLE UE OR E TYPE- TO BE DECIDED BASED ON
SOURCE TRANSFORMER ; DELTA/STAR, STAR/DELTA

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 ADVANTAGE OF HVDS

 REDUCTION IN LOSSES
 IMPROVE VOLTAGE PROFILE
 SYSTEM POWER FACTOR
 NO THEFT
 SYSTEM RELIABILITY
 SMALL SIZE CONDUCTOR
 LOAD MANAGEMENT
 POWER CARRYING CAPACITY IN 33KV - 25MW UPTO 20KM WITH
PANTHER CONDUCTOR WITHIN 3% VOLTAGE REGULATION
 ACCURATE METERING

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