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Group Members :
Emmanelle Leonor
Jay Sinfuego
John Rey Rilliones
Justin Carl Cuya
Mark Daniel Ibarlin
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
• One of the most widely used methods for protecting power
transformer against internal faults. The protection for internal fault
that is fault within protected zone (boundary) of a transformer is to
be provided by using differential protection system. The technique is
based on the measurement and comparison of currents at both side of
transformer: primary and secondary lines.
• Are mainly used for protection against phase-to-phase faults and phase-
to-earth faults.
What is DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS
• A Differential Relay which
operates to the vector
difference between two or more
similar electrical quantities.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS
CURRENT BALANCE VOLTAGE BALANCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY DIFFERENTIAL
A relay which senses and operates the This relayRELAY
compares the two voltages,
phase difference between the current either in magnitude or in phase or both, and
entering into the electrical system and the trips the relay circuit if the difference
current leaving the electrical system exceeds a predetermined set value
BUSBAR
BUSBAR - a conductor or group of conductors used to collect
electrical power from incoming feeders and distribute them to
outgoing feeders.
TYPES OF BUSBAR PROTECTION
SYSTEM PROTECTION USED TO
COVER BUSBAR
The system that is used to cover busbar protection consists of overcurrent or distance protection.
Making use of this system the busbar will be inherently protected.
REVERSE BLOCKING/INTERLOCKING
PROTECTION
These scheme is achieved by installed an overcurrent relay on a incoming fedeer. The overcurrent relay on the
incomer is set to trip for a fault at the busbar unless it is blocked by any overcurrent relays on the feeder. A time
grading is required to coordinate these overcurrent relays in order to avoid race conditions.
TYPES OF FRAME-EARTH
PROTECTION
SINGLE-BUSBAR FRAME-EARTH
PROTECTION
States that the current enters into the bus-bar is equal to the current
leaving the bus-bar. The sum of the incoming and outgoing junction is
equal to zero. If the sum of current is not equal to zero, then the fault
occurs in the system.
High Impedance Differential
Protection of Busbar
Is a method of differential bus protection using parallel set of current transformers (CT) from each phase
which is passed through a high impedance element in the protective relay.
Under normal conditions, based on Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL), current into bus will be equal to
current out of bus and no current flows through high impedance element. CT current simply circulate and
no ‘differential’ current exists. When bus fault occurs, current is forced to flow through high impedance
element in the relay creating a voltage drop. If voltage develop across the impedance is greater than the
set value, relay will trip the breakers.
LOW IMPEDANCE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS
Current levels for different circuits Due to various bus sections, the
are different scheme becomes complicated.
Failure of insulation due to material Earth fault due to failure of support Flashover due to sustained
deterioration. insulator. excessive over voltages
PRESENTED BY:
JUSTIN CARL CUYA
JAY SINFUEGO
EMMANUELLE LEONOR
MARK DANIEL IBARLIN
JOHN REY RILLIONES