Submitted by:

VILLAGANAS, MARY ROSE P.

VERGANIO, JASMIN D.
 Anaerobic Digestion

 a series of biological process in which

bacteria break down organic matter in
the absence of oxygen.
 Sludge Treatment

It describes the processes used to

manage and dispose of sewage
sludge produced during sewage
treatment.
 Reaction Configuration
 It provides the stoichiometric and kinetic
information pertaining to a single reaction inside
a reactor.
METHANE PRODUCTION
•Methane can be produced from biomass by
either thermal gasification or biological
gasification, commonly referred to as anaerobic
digestion process that is extracted from the
wellhead and piped to our homes.
Methane – biogas – production guide
 ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
 Are built system that deliberately harness the natural process.
 Is a built system for excluding oxygen from organic material and
producing biogas.
 AD SYSTEM

 SINGLE STAGE
 Single stage low solid process (SSLS)
 Single stage high solid process (SSHS)
 MULTI STAGE
 Multi stage low solid process (MSLS)
 Multi stage high solid process (MSHS)
 BATCH REACTORS
 Single stage
 Sequential batch
 Hybrid batch- UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET
(UASB)
IMPORTANT OPERATING PARAMETER IN AD PROCESS
-waste composition/ volatile solids (VS) -ph level
-Temperature -Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N)
-total solids content (TS)/ Organic loading rate (OR)
-retention (or residence) time -Mixing
-Compost -Biogas composition
USES OF AD
 for treatment of municipal sludge
 Animal manure
 Industrial sludge
 Industrial wastewater
 Municipal wastewater
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS IN AD
 BENEFITS OF APPLICATION OF AD
 Energy production Energy conservation
 Odor reduction Pathogen control
 Waste treatment Minimizing sludge production
 Conservation of nutrients Reduction in GHG emission
 ADVANTAGES OF AD
• It is a net energy producing process which produces
renewable energy in the form of biogas.
 It produces a liquid and a fibrous fertilizer.
 It reduces odour below unprocessed waste odour levels.

DISADVANTAGES OF AD
 When carried out at a commercial scale on farms and at
wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) it requires a high
level of investment in large tanks and other process vessels.
 If run inefficiently AD can cause an odour nuisance.
Sludge treatment
 Goals of sludge treatment
Volume reduction • Thickening
• Dewatering

Elimination of pathogenic • If used in agriculture as fertiliser or compost

germs

Stabilisation of organic • Gas production

substances • Reduction of dry content
• Improvement of dewatering
• Reduction of odour

Recycling of substances • Nutrients, fertiliser

• Humus
• Biogas
 Overview
Wastewater treatment

Primary, secondary, tertiary sludge

Process water

Thickening Energy

Hygienisation

Stabilisation Biogas

Thickening Agriculture

Dewatering Disposal site

Drying Construction industry

Gujer (1999) Incineration Atmosphere

 Sludge Treatment Alternatives

Eckenfelder & Santhanam (1981)

Sludge treatment
Sludge disposal
Composting

 Aerobic biological degradation of organic substances

Prerequisites Stabilisation
Dewatering
Hygienisation

Approach

• Structure means: straw, wood, saw dust, wood chips

• Mixture app. 1:1

• Water content app. 0,65

 Requirements are more demanding than for sludge use as fertiliser!

Incineration
Use of energy content, but not of nutrients

Mono incineration (sludge exclusively)

• Calorific value of sludge high enough  no biogas use before, no stabilisation

• Water content not minimised (no full drying)

• Fluidised bed incinerator, incineration at 800 – 950°C in fluidised sand bed

• Expensive!

Co- incineration

• In coal power station

• In solid waste incinerators

• In cement production, ash is bounded to cement

REFERENCES:
 http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/huang1/docs
/cis-1215.pdf
 https://www.americanbiogascouncil.org/pdf/AD%20and%
20Applications-finalcls.pdf
 https://friendsoftheearth.uk/sites/default/files/downloads
/anaerobic_digestion.pdf
 https://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/postpn387_a
naerobic-digestion.pdf
 https://www.google.com/search?q=Anaerobic+digestion+b
iochemical+conversion+pathways&source=lnms&tbm=isch
&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjK6v-
95dbaAhVJwbwKHbLZDtsQ_AUICigB&biw=1024&bih=673
#imgdii=Nx_6YT4B94sF9M:&imgrc=VXxWRttiocd4nM:
REFERENCES
 https://blog.anaerobic-digestion.com/anaerobic-
digestion-vs-composting/
 https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=ca
che:HcRA799vtysJ:https://tu-
dresden.de/bu/umwelt/hydro/isi/sww/ressourcen/dat
eien/lehre/dateien/urban_water/lecture_wt08_09/U
WS_12_Sludge_treatment.ppt+&cd=11&hl=en&ct=clnk
&gl=ph