MEDICAL

PLURALISM
• Medical Pluralism - employment of more than 1 medical system or the used
of both conventional and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
for health and illness
- co existence in a society of different medical traditions
grounded in different principles or based on different worldviews.
MANGGAGAMOT
O
MANGLULUSOG
• Naturopathic Medicine - a primary healthcare which emphasizes the
use of natural remedies to help the body heal itself. The goal of
naturopathic medicine is to treat the whole person, the mind, body and
spirit. It aims to heal the root causes of illness – not just stop the
symptoms. Focuses on education, prevention, treatment and optimal
health through the used of therapeutic methods and substances that
encourages individuals inherent healing process.
• Principles of Naturopathic Medicine
1. The Healing Power of Nature
- Naturopathic medicine recognizes an inherent self-healing
process in people that is ordered and intelligent. Naturopathic
physicians act to identify and remove obstacles to healing and
recovery, and to facilitate and augment this inherent
self-healing process
2. Identify and Treat the Causes
- The naturopathic physician seeks to identify and remove the
underlying causes of illness rather than to merely eliminate
or suppress symptoms
3. First Do No Harm
- Naturopathic physicians follow three guidelines to avoid
harming the patient:

a. Utilize methods and medicinal substances which

minimize the risk of harmful side effects, using the least
force necessary to diagnose and treat;
b. Avoid when possible the harmful suppression of
symptoms; and
c. Acknowledge, respect, and work with the individuals
self-healing process.
4. Doctor as Teacher
- Naturopathic physicians educate their patients and encourage
self-responsibility for health. They also recognize and employ
the therapeutic potential of the doctor-patient relationship.

5. Treat the Whole Person

- Naturopathic physicians treat each patient by taking into
account individual physical, mental, emotional, genetic,
environmental, social, and other factors, Since total health also
includes spiritual health, naturopathic physicians encourage
individuals to pursue their personal spiritual development.
6. Prevention
- Naturopathic physicians emphasize the prevention of disease
by assessing risk factors, heredity and susceptibility to disease,
and by making appropriate interventions in partnership with
their patients to prevent illness.
• Naturopathic Practice includes the following diagnostic and therapeutic
modalities:
1. Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostic Testing
2. Nutritional Medicine
3. Botanical Medicine
4. Naturopathic Physical Medicine
5. Public Health Measures
6. Hygiene
7. Counseling
8. Minor Surgery
9. Homeopathy
10. Acupuncture
11. Prescription Medication
12. Intravenous and Injection Therapy
13. Naturopathic Obstetrics
• Alternative Medicine are traditional systems of medicine that are practice by
individual cultures throughout the world.
a. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
b. Kampo Medicine (Japanese)
c. Ayurvedic Medicine (India’s Traditional medicine)
d. Others, Native American, African, Middle Eastern, Tibetan, Central and
South American

-Traditional Chinese Medicine

1. Acupuncture is a system of complementary medicine in which fine
needles are inserted in the skin at specific points along what are
considered to be lines of energy, used in the treatment of various
physical and mental conditions.
 2. Chinese Materia Medica (Catalogue of Natural Products used in
TCM) - standard reference book of information on medical
substances that are used in Chinese herbal medicine
3. Massage and Manipulation

- Kampo Medicine is the study of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan

following its introduction, beginning in the 7th century. Since then the
Japanese have created their own unique system of diagnosis and therapy.
Japanese traditional medicine uses most of the Chinese therapies including
acupuncture and moxibustion, but Kampo in its present-day sense is
primarily concerned with the study of herbs.
- Ayurvedic Medicine literally means “The Science of Life”. It is a natural
healing system developed in India. It is a comprehensive system of
medicine that places equal emphasis on the body, mind and spirit and
strives to restore the innate harmony of the individual. It includes the ff:
a. Diet
b. Exercise
c. Meditation
d. Herbs
e. Massage
f. Exposure to Sunlight
g. Controlled Breathing
• Other Components of Medical Pluralism
1. Phytotherapy
2. Aromatherapy
3. Chiropractic and Osteopathy
4. Physical Therapy
5. Traditional Chinese Medicine
6. Kinesiology
7. Bioenergetics
8. Respiratory Therapy
9. Leech Therapy
10. Bio-resonance Therapy
 Defining ‘Philippine Medicine’
• Paggamit ng mga katutubo at dayong panggagamot na ligtas, mabisa / kapakipakinabang,
abotkaya at tanggap
• Ang mabuting kalusugan ay dala ng mabuting ugnayan sa ibang tao, sa kinapal, at sa
Maykapal.
• Magkakaugnay ang katawan, isip, at kalooban para makamit ang buong kalusugan
• May kalusugan kung may malusog na kapaligiran at may mga makatarungang institusyong
pampulitika, pangkabuhayan, at panlipunan.
• Ang isang mabuting manggagamot ay may magandang loob, mapagpakumbaba,
mapagmalasakit, palaaral at ginawang serbisyo ang panggagamot.
• Kalusugang para sa lahat, katuwang ang lahat
• Gamutang Pilipino
 Dominant Medical System in the Philippines
• BIOMEDICINE – Conventional Medicine – Western Medicine – Allopathic Medicine
• Evidence Based
• Drugs, Surgery, Radiotheraphy

Wealth of Philippine indigenous / traditional knowledge systems

and practices on health and healing
• Mumbaki, babaylan
• Mangangas, mananambal, mambubulong, manggagamot
• Hilot, manghihilot, manughilot, parahilot
• Manugbulong, manughilot, manugluy-a
• Parabulong, parahilot, paratandok
• Manaram, tambalan, barangan, hilu-an
 Wealth of Philippine indigenous / traditional knowledge systems
and practices on health and healing
• Albularyo
• Curandero
• Espiritista
• Paltera
• Mediko
• Surhano
• Psychic Healer / Psychic Surgeon
• Massage Therapist
• Herbalist
 Array of adopted traditional and alternative healthcare
Systems and practices
• Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Ayurveda, unani, siddha
• Homeopathy, homotoxicology
• Naturopathy
• Chiropractic, osteopathy
• Anthroposophic medicine
• The Philippines common traditional medicine practitioners
1. Hilot / Manghihilot – a midwife or massage therapist to promote health
and healing
2. Tawas / Mangtatawas – the practitioner uses alum, candles, smoke, paper,
egg and other mediums to diagnose the cause of
illness associated with prayers and incantations
3. Albularyo – a general practitioner who uses a combination of healing
modalities that may include prayers, incantations, mysticism
and herbalism. Albularyos claim to draw healing powers from a
supernatural source (shamanism)
4. Medico – a general practitioner similar to an albularyo but integrates
western medicine to promote healing.
5. Faith Healers – a practitioner who claims divine power bestowed by the
holy spirit or God. A patient is required to have faith and
believe in divine powers to effect healing.
• 10 Medicinal Plants in the Philippines endorsed by DOH:

1. Akapulko (Cassia Alata) a medicinal plant “ringworm bush or schrub” and]

“Acapulco” in English, this Philippines herbal medicine is used to treat tinea
infections, insect bites, ringworms, eczema, scabies and itchiness.
2. Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) Common names include “bitter melon”
or “bitter ground” in English. This Philippine herbal medicine has been
found to be effective in the treatment of diabetes (diabetes mellitus),
hemorrhoids, coughs, burns, and scalds, and being studied for anti-cancer
properties.
3. Bawang (Allium Sativum) Common names in English is Garlic. Bawang is a
used in Philippine herbal medicine to treat infection with antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-hypertensive properties. It is
widely used to reduce cholesterol level in blood.
4. Bayabas (Psidium Guajava) – “Guava” in English. A Philippine herbal
medicine used as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic,
antioxidant hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, anti-plasmodial,
anti-cough, antidiabetic, and antigenotoxic in folkloric medicine.
5. Lagundi (Vitex Negundo) known as “5 leaved chaste tree” in English is used
in Philippine herbal medicine to treat cough, colds and fever. It is also used
as a relief for asthmas and pharyngitis, rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, and
diarrhea.
6. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.) is a vine known as “Chinese Honey
Suckle”. This Philippine herbal medicine is sued to eliminate intestinal
parasites.
7. Sambong (Blumea Blsamifera) English name “Blumea Camphor” is a
Philippine herbal medicine used to treat kidney stones, wounds and cuts,
rheumatism, anti-diarrhea, anti spasms, colds and coughs and
hypertension
8. Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam.) English: “Wild Tea” is a Philippine
herbal medicine taken as tea to treat skin allergies including eczema,
scabies and itchiness wounds in child birth
9. Ulasimang Bato / Pansit-pansitan (Peperomia Pellucida) is a Philippine
herbal medicine known for its effectivity in treating arthritis and gout.
10. Yerba Buena (Clinopodium Douglasii) commonly known as Peppermint,
it is used in Philippine herbal medicine as analgesic to relive body aches
and pain due to rheumatism and gout. It is also used to treat coughs,
colds and insect bites