Developmental and Social

Factors
Psychological principles of learning
Developmental
influences on learning
 As
individuals
develop,
As individuals develop, there are different
there are
opportunities and constraints for learning

different
opportunities
and
constraints
for learning
 Learning is most
effective when
differential
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities and
development constraints forwithin
learning and
across physical,
intellectual,
emotional, and social
domains is taken into
account.
 Individuals learn
best when material
is appropriate to
theirand constraints
developmental
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities
for learning
level and is
presented in an
enjoyable and
interesting way.
 Because individual
development varies
across intellectual,
social, foremotional, and
dividuals develop, there are different opportunities and constraints
learning
physical domains,
achievement in
different instructional
domains may also vary.
 The cognitive,
emotional and social
development of
individual
As individuals develop, there learners and
are different opportunities and
constraints for learning
how they interpret life
experiences are affected
by prior schooling,
 Early and
continuing
parental
involvement in
schooling, and
As the
individualsquality of
develop, there are different
language
opportunities and constraints for learning

interactions and
two-way
communications
between adults
and children can
influence these
 awareness and
understanding of
developmental
differences among
children with and
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities
and constraints for learning
without emotional,
physical, or
intellectual
disabilities, can
facilitate the
creation of optimal
learning contexts.
 SOCIAL
influences on learning
 Learning is
influenced by
social
interactions,
As individuals develop, there are different
opportunities and constraints for learning
interpersonal
relations, and
communication
with others.
 Learning can be
enhanced when the
learner has an
opportunity to interact
and to collaborate with
others constraints on instructional
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities and
for learning
tasks. Learning
settings that allow for
social interactions,
and that respect
diversity, encourage
flexible thinking and
 In interactive and
collaborative
instructional
contexts,
individuals have an
opportunity for
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities
and constraints for learning
perspective taking
and reflective
thinking that may
lead to higher
levels of cognitive,
social, and moral
 Quality personal
relationships that
provide stability,
trust,
dividuals and
develop, there are caring
different can
opportunities and constraints
increase learners’
for learning

sense of belonging,
self-respect and self-
acceptance, and provide
a positive climate for
learning
 Family influences,
positive interpersonal
support and
instruction in self-
motivation strategies
can offset factors
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities and
that constraints
interfere for learning with
optimal learning such
as negative beliefs
about competence in a
particular subject,
high levels of test
anxiety, negative sex
 Positive learning
climates can also
help
As individuals to
develop, thereestablish
are different opportunities
the context for
and constraints for learning

healthier levels
of thinking,
feeling, and
behaving.
Thank you!