CAUSE AND EFFECT

A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY

HAFIZH THORIQ
 WHAT IS IT ?
Cause and effect is a method of
paragraph or essay development in
which the writer analyzes the reasons
and/or the consequences of an
action, event, or decision made.

“If you prove the cause, you at once

prove the effect and conversely
nothing can exist without its cause”
(Aristotle, Rhetoric)
 HOW?
A cause and effect paragraph can
be arranged in two ways, either in
a chronological order or a reverse
chronological order. Inside the
sentences, emphasis is made from
the most important to the least
important or vice versa
RELATION BETWEEN CAUSE
AND EFFECT
• Sometimes additional analysis
need to be done to understand
the cause and effect
• Some word clues can indicate a
presence of cause and effect
• Sometimes there are more than
one cause and more then one
effect
 CLUE WORDS
Cause Effect
• Because • (as a) Result
• Since • Consequently
• (as a) Reason • Therefore
• So that • Thus
• Unless • If
 EXAMPLE
• When water is heated, he molecules move quickly, therefore the
water boils
Cause : When water is heated, the molecules move quickly
Effect : the water boils
Conjunction : Therefore
• Because the alarm was not set, we were late for work
Cause : the alarm was not set
Effect : we were late for work
Conjunction : Because
• I had to get the mop since I spilled my juice
Cause : I spilled my juice
Effect : I had to get the mop
Conjunction : Since
 EXCERCISE
• I love living in Australia …. the weather.
a. because
b. since
c. as
d. because of
e. But
Answer: a

• The increase in the number of cans on the road has resulted …. more
and more traffic jams.
a. in
b. to
c. at
d. for
e. and
Answer: d
 EXCERCISE
• “He got to work really, really late “Cos he missed his train”. Which cause
and effect word is ‘Cos short for?
a. due to
b. because
c. as
d. since
e. neither
Answer: b

• Keith lost his job due …. cutbacks in the department.

a. for
b. at
c. to
d. by
e. either
Answer: c
 EXCERCISE
• The increase in tropical storms in recent year has been …. global
warming.
a. put up with
b. put down to
c. set down to
d. put to
e. both
Answer: a