Introduction

What is the Chinese language?

 56 ethnic groups

The Tibetan
The Mongol 10%
……

The Han

90%

Chinese Language
Do different regions of the Han people
speak the same Chinese?
 Beijing dialect

Shanghai dialect

Guangdong dialect

Pronunciation
Vocabulary
Grammar
Mandarin
What are the Chinese character and
Chinese pinyin?
 Chinese Phonetic
nǐ hǎo
Pinyin System

Chinese Writing
Character System 你 好
 Chinese Pinyin

Listening Speaking
Pinyin
 5

tone
syllable
nǐ hǎo initial final
21 36
你 好

tone
syllable
final
7 simple finals
5 tones
father law

ago see
 u mood

i ü salut

e er letter
ɑ o e

i u ü er
ā á ǎ à
ɑ
ō ó ǒ ò o
ē é ě è e
ēr ér ěr èr er
 ɑ ɑ
tone
syllable
o o
final e e
er er

i yi
u wu
ü yu
yī yí yǐ yì yi
wū wú wǔ wù wu
yū yú yǔ yù yu
ā

ò Oh, I see.
è hungry

é
èr 2

yī 1

wǔ 5
yú

yù
4 initials
 b P
bear pear

m f
may food
b P m f
＋

ɑ o e i u ü
bā 8

bàbɑ dad

bóbo father’s elder brother

bǐ

bù not

pà
pópo husband’s mother

māmɑ mom

mìmì secret
fó

fúwù service
d t n l
g k h
d t
do two

n l
night light
 g k
bag back

h
hat
dà big

dìdi younger brother

dú to read
tā he she it

tī to kick

dìtú
 nà nǎ
that which

nǎlǐ nálǐ
where
 nǐ you(for singular)

nǐ ne? And you?/What about you?

nǚ female
là spicy

lí

Lǐ
lù

lǜ green

gēge elder brother

gūgu father's sister

kǎ

kě thirsty

kè lesson
kū

kǔ bitter

kù cool
 hē to drink

hé and

bàbɑ hé māmɑ

hú

húli
ɑ o e

i u ü

er
ā á ǎ à
ɑ
b P

m f
d t n l

g k h
z c s
 z c
kids cats

s
speak
z i z+i
c i ×
c+i
s i s+i

z zi
c ci
s si
 sì 4

lǜsè green color

Sū a Chinese family name

cā to wipe

cí word

cù vinegar
zì character

kùzi

tùzi

zū to rent
zh ch sh

r
zh ch
page cheap

sh r
sheep television
zi zh zhi
ci ch chi
si sh shi
r ri
zhǐ paper

zhè this that nà

zhū pig
chī

chá tea

lǜchá

hē chá to drink tea

shí 10

shǎ stupid

shé snake

shū
rè hot
j q x
zh j
ch q

sh x
j i ɑ j
q u o q ＋ i
x ü e x ü
xī

qī 7

jī chicken
si sh i xi
ci ch i qi
zi zh i ji
r i
 jü qü xü

ju qu xu
chī júzi to eat

dú jùzi to read sentence

qù to go

qù nǎlǐ where to go

nǐ qù nǎlǐ Where are you going?

Xú a Chinese family name

21 initials:
 é wǔ

bàbɑ mìmì

fúwù tī

nǎlǐ Lǐ

hē èr
 yù ǜ pà

fó tā

nǐ ne lǜ lù

kù dìtú

pópo gēge
 ɑo ɑi iɑ ou uo
ɑ o e i u ü

uɑ ei ie üe
ɑo ɑi
how buy

ou ei
oh A
ie iɑ
yes

uɑ uo
üe
ɑo ɑi ou
ei ie iɑ
uɑ uo üe
i yi iɑ ie yɑ ye

u wu uɑ uo wɑ wo

ü yu üe yue
 tone
syllable
initial final

bā fó kě yī bù yú
ɑ→o→e→i→u→ü
huā tóu lèi
ɑo ɑi ou
﹢
ei ie iɑ uɑ uo üe
 bāo bag

pǎo to run

māo cat

dāo knife

lǎoshī teacher
 hǎo good

zǎo early; morning

zhǎo to look for

chǎo noisy

chāoshì supermarket
sháozi spoon

ài to love

bái white

mǎi mài

to buy to sell
tàitɑi wife/Mrs

nǎinɑi father’s mother

lái to come

kāi to open

háizi child
cāi to guess

zhǎi narrow

Ōuzhōu Europe

tóu head

tóufɑ hair
gǒu dog

kǒu mouth

zǒu walk

Zhōu a Chinese family name

chòu smelly
shǒu hand

ròu meat

běi north

měi beautiful

mèimei younger sister

fēi to fly

fēijī airplane

lèi tired

gěi to give

hēi black
 shéi who

yéye father’s father

jiějie elder sister

xièxie nǐ Thank you.

to thank
yá tooth
jiā home

guā melon xī guā

huā flower

huà painting

shuā to brush shuā yá

 wǒ ài nǐ I love you.

I; me

huǒ fire

zuò to do

cuò wrong
zhuōzi table

shuō to say ; to speak

yuè month yī/èr…yuè

juéde to feel ; to think

xuéxí to learn
cù tùzi

zhè hē chá

shǎ rè

qī júzi

lǜsè cí
zū →tū zhǐ

chī shū →sū

jī →qī jùzi

Xú →Shú nǐ qù nǎlǐ
iɑo iou uɑi uei
iɑo iou

uɑi uei
iɑo yɑo
iou you

uɑi wɑi
uei wei
iou iu
niou niu

uei ui
duei dui
ɑ→o→e→i→u→ü

iu

niú
 yào to want

biǎo

piào ticket

fāpiào receipt

tiào to jump
tiàowǔ to dance

niǎo

jiāo to teach

qiáo bridge

xiǎo small
yǒu to have

niú cattle

liù 6

jiǔ 9

xiū to repair
xiūxi to rest

kuài fast

shuài handsome

wéi hello(on the phone)

duì right ; correct

tuī to push

guì expensive

huì will

zuǐ mouth

zhuī to chase
shuǐ water hē shuǐ

Ruìshì Switzerland
ɑn ɑng en eng

in ing ün ong
n ng
 n ng
nǎi fàn
n ng
win wing
ɑn ɑng

en eng
in ing

ün ong
 màn slow

fàn meal

nán difficult/male

Hànyǔ Chinese language

Hànyǔ bù nán Chinese is not difficult.

lǎn lazy

kàn to look

sān 3

zhàn to stand

shān moutain
 bāng to help

pàng fat

máng busy

fángzi house

tāng soup
láng wolf

zāng dirty

sǎngzi throat

Zhāng a Chinese family name

cháng long
Shànghǎi a Chinese city
 bèn stupid

mén door

hěn very

zěnme how

shénme what
rén person
péngyou friend

mèng dream

fēng wind

děng to wait

lěng cold
Zhèng a Chinese family name

chéngshì city

shēngrì birthday
 i → yi
in → yin
ing → ying
yín silver

jīn gold

qīn to kiss

xīn new/heart
 bīng ice/iced

píngzi bottle

míngzi name

tīng to listen

líng 0
Běijīng China’s capital

qǐng please

gāoxìng happy
üe → yue

ün → yun
 yún cloud

jūnrén soldier

qúnzi skirt
 dōng east

lóng dragon

gōngzuò job ; to work

kòng free time

zǒngshì always
cōngming clever

sòng to deliver

Zhōngguó China

róngyi easy

Hànyǔ hěn róngyi.

Chinese is so easy.
 ɑn
i ɑn
u ＋ en
ü eng
ong
iɑn iɑng

uɑn uɑn
g
uen ueng

üɑn iong
 yán salt

piányi cheap

miànbāo bread

kāfēi diàn coffee shop ; store

tián sweet
 nián year

liǎn face

jiàn to meet

zàijiàn goodbye

qián money
xiànzài now
 qiáng wall

Xiānggǎng Hongkong
nuǎnhuo warm

luàn untidy

kuān wide

huàn to change

zuànshí diamond
 suān sour

zhuàn qián to earn money

chuán boat ; ship

ruǎn soft
huáng yellow

chuáng bed
wèn to ask

wèntí question
 kùn sleepy

Lúndūn London

hūnlǐ wedding

Sūn a Chinese family name

chūntiān spring
yòng to use

qióng poor

xióng bear