POSITIVE ANGLE NEGATIVE ANGLE
e
j
d
k
c
g b
f a
n m
i
h o
l
𝟎 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏. 𝑷 𝟔𝟔𝟎 𝟐
,−
𝟐
2. 𝑷 −𝟗𝟑𝟎𝟎 −
𝟑 𝟏
,
𝟐 𝟐
3.𝑷 𝟏, 𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟏 ,𝟎
4.𝑷 −𝟒𝟗𝟓 𝟎 −
𝟐
𝟐
,−
𝟐
𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝝅 𝟏 𝟑
5. 𝑷 − ,−
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑
𝟗𝝅
6. 𝑷 − 𝟎 , −𝟏
𝟐
𝟏𝟗𝝅
7.𝑷 −
𝟐 𝟐
,
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝟕𝝅
8.𝑷 − 𝟑
,−
𝟏
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐
𝒚
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
𝒓
𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
𝒓
(Unit Circle)
7𝜋
Evaluate 𝑠𝑖𝑛 .
4
Suppose a regular hexagon of side length
1 unit is inscribed in a unit circle such
that two of its vertices are located on the
x-axis as shown. Determine the
coordinates of A, B, C, D, E and F.
Is the set of all values of the angles in
which the trigonometric function is
defined.
Is the interval of the values of the angle of
the function where the angle is defined.
Is the distance from the midpoint to the
highest or lowest point of the function.
Is the distance between any two repeating
points on the function.
Is the amount of horizontal or vertical
displacement of the trigonometric
function from its original position.
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
Period: 𝟐𝝅
Amplitude: 1
Domain: −∞, ∞
Range: −𝟏, 𝟏
x-intercepts: 𝒌𝝅 where k is any integer
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
Period: 𝟐𝝅
Amplitude: 1
Domain: −∞, ∞
Range: −𝟏, 𝟏
𝝅
x-intercepts: 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏 where k is any integer
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
SINE CURVE COSINE CURVE
i - intercept M - Maximum
M - Maximum i - intercept
i - intercep t m - minimum
m - minimum i - intercept
i - intercept M - Maximum
i - intercept
M - Maximum
SINE CURVE i - intercep t
(0,0) (_,M) (_,0) m - minimum
(_,m) (_,0) i - intercept
M - Maximum
COSINE CURVE
i - intercept
(0,M) (_,0) (_,m) m - minimum
(_,0) (_,M) i - intercept
M - Maximum
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 − 𝒅
𝒚 = 𝒄 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒄 + 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒅
𝒚 = 𝒄 + 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒅
𝒂 affects the amplitude, range
𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 = 𝒂
𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 = − 𝒂 , 𝒂
𝒃 affects the period, x-intercepts
𝟐𝝅
𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅 =
𝒃
𝒄 affects the range
𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 = 𝟏 + 𝒄, −𝟏 + 𝒄
𝒅 affects the x-intercepts
𝒙_𝒊𝒏𝒕 = 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠 𝐱_𝐢𝐧𝐭 + 𝒅
Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 2 sin 𝑥 − 4 .
Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = −3 + 2 cos 5𝑥 .
Equation Amplitude Range Period Vertical Horizontal
Shift Shift
𝑦 = sin(𝜃 + 3)
𝑦 = 2 cos 𝜃 + 4
𝑦 = 3 sin( 2𝜃 − 3) − 1
𝑦
= −3 scos( 3𝜃 + 𝜋)
+5
𝑦
𝜋
= −3 sin(4 𝜃 + ) − 6
2
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙
Period: 𝟐𝝅
Domain: 𝒙 𝒙 ≠ 𝒌𝝅, 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁
Range: ൫−∞, −𝟏ሿ ∪ ሾ𝟏, ∞)
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙
Period: 𝟐𝝅
𝝅
Domain: 𝒙 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏 ,𝒌 ∈𝒁
𝟐
Range: ൫−∞, −𝟏ሿ ∪ ሾ𝟏, ∞)
𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙
Period: 𝝅
𝝅
Domain: 𝒙 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏 ,𝒌 ∈𝒁
𝟐
Range: −∞, ∞
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙
Period: 𝝅
Domain: 𝒙 𝒙 ≠ 𝒌𝝅, 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁
Range: −∞, ∞
Cartesian Plane
(x , y)
abscissa ordinate
Polar Plane
(r , 𝜽)
radial angular
coordinate coordinate
Cartesian Plane
(3,4)
Polar Plane
(5,53°)
𝝅
𝑨 𝟑,
𝟑
𝟓𝝅
𝑩 𝟒,
𝟔
𝟕𝝅
𝑪 𝟐,
𝟔
𝟏𝟏𝝅
𝑫 𝟒,
𝟔
Is the polar representation of a point unique?
NO
𝝅
𝟒,
𝟒
𝟗𝝅
𝟒,
𝟒
−𝟕𝝅
𝟒,
𝟒
Can the radial coordinate r be negative?
YES
under the
assumption
that −𝒓, 𝜽
and 𝒓, 𝜽 ± 𝝅
are identical
𝝅
−𝟑,
𝟒
𝟓𝝅
= 𝟑,
𝟒
𝒙 𝒚
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
𝒓 𝒓
Polar to Cartesian:
𝒙 = 𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝒚 = 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
Cartesian to Polar:
𝒓𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
−𝟏
𝒚
𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙
Convert 𝟒, 𝟒 to polar coordinates.
Convert 𝟓, 𝝅 to Cartesian
coordinates.
