UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO
COMMUNICATION
Mary Jane C. Cortez
 LESSON 1: NATURE
AND ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
Mary Jane C. Cortez
 COMMUNICATION
A systematic process through which individuals
interact through symbols to create and interpret
meaning.

The act of conveying meanings from one entity or

group to another through the use of mutually
understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.

It may be verbal or nonverbal.

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
Message
 This is transmitted from one person to another either through words,
actions, or expressions.

Source
 One who transmits words, actions, or expressions.

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 This is how you transmit the words, actions, orAddexpressions.
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 Through this, you transmit the words, actions, or expressions.

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
Decode
Extract the meaning of words, actions, and
expressions to complete understanding.
Receiver
 One who receives the transmitted words, actions, or
expressions.

Feedback
 Another word for answer or reply.
 MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION ARE:
Linear

Interactive

Transactional
 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Shannon and Weaver’s Model (1949)

Schramm’s Model of Communication –

Osgood-Schramm Communication Model

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

 SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

Transmission or Standard Model

Main parts: sender, channel, receiver
Designed to mirror radio and telephone
technologies
Sender (Information source) – Sender is the
person who makes the message, chooses the
channel and sends the message.

Encoder (Transmitter) –Encoder is the sender

who uses machine, which converts message
into signals or binary data. It might also directly
refer to the machine.

Channel –Channel is the medium used to send

message.
Decoder (Receiver) – the machine used to convert
signals or binary data into message or the receiver who
translates the message from signals.

Receiver (Destination) – the person who gets the

message or the place where the message must reach.
The receiver provides feedback according to the
message.

Noise – the physical disturbances like environment,

people, etc. which does not let the message get to the
receiver as what is sent.
Sender – the person who encodes (converts) and sends
the message.

Message – the content being shared between the

parties.

Receiver – the person who decodes (interprets) the

message.

Semantic barriers – The backgrounds, beliefs,

experiences, and values that influence how the sender
conveys a message and how the receiver interprets it.
Sender - the source of the message or the person
who originates the message. The person or source
sends the message to the receiver.

Message - the substance that is being sent by the

sender to the receiver. It might be in the form of
voice, audio, text, video or other media.
Channel - the medium used to send the message. In mass
communication and other forms of communication, technical
machines might be used as a channel like telephone, internet,
etc. But in general communication, the five senses of a human
being is the channel for the communication flow and it affects
the effectiveness of the channel.

Receiver - the person who gets the message sent in the

process. This model believes that the thinking pattern and all
other factors mentioned above must be in sync to that of the
sender for the communication to be effective. The message
might not have the same effect as intended if the receiver
and sender are not similar. The receiver must also have a very
good listening skill.
 LESSON 2:
THE ART OF
LISTENING
Decoding a message and constructing
appropriate feedback despite the presence of
barriers to listening may be influenced by the
degree and process of listening employed by the
receiver.

We can say that active listening has been

employed when one is able to:

UNDERSTAND, REPEAT, PARAPHRASE, REFLECT,

RESPOND
Listening is an integral part of communication. It is
not simple or passive; it is complex and active.

Barriers:
• Internal noise
• External noise
 LESSON 3:
THE CONTEXT
OF SPEECH
TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
 Intrapersonal Communication
 Interpersonal Communication
• Dyad
• Small Group
 Public Communication
 INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
This refers to communication that
centers on one person where the
speakers act both as the sender and
the receiver of the message.
 INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
This refers to communication between
and among people and establishes
personal relationship between and
among them.
 TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL CONTEXT
Dyad – communication that occurs between
two people.

Small Group – communication that involves

three but not more than twelve people
engaging in a face-to-face interaction to
achieve a desired goal.
 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Communication that requires you to deliver
or send the message in front of a group.

This message can be driven by informational

or persuasive purposes.
 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Communication that requires you to deliver
or send the message in front of a group.

This message can be driven by informational

or persuasive purposes.
INTERPERSONAL (SMALL GROUP)
INTERPERSONAL (DYAD)
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION