• Wireless Power

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '1893': Tesla publicly demonstrates

wireless power and proposes the
wireless transmission of signals
before a meeting of the National
Electric Light Association in St.
Louis.Nikola Tesla, 1856 – 1943. IEEE
History Center, IEEE, 2003. lecture-
demonstration St. Louis.Cheney,
Margaret, Tesla Man Out of Time
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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '1899': Tesla continues wireless power

transmission research in Colorado Springs
and writes, the inferiority of the induction
method would appear immense as
compared with the disturbed charge of
ground and air method.5 June 1899,

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '1902': Nikola Tesla vs. Reginald

Fessenden – U.S. Patent Interference No.
21,701, System of Signaling (wireless);
wireless power transmission, time and
frequency domain spread spectrum
telecommunications, electronic logic gates
in general.Nikola Tesla: Guided Weapons
Computer Technology.

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '1999': Prof. Shu Yuen (Ron) Hui and Mr.

S.C. Tang file a patent on Coreless
Printed-Circuit-Board (PCB) transformers
and operating techniques, which form the
basis for future planar charging surface
with vertical flux leaving the planar
surface. The circuit uses resonant circuits
for wireless power transfer.
EP(GB)0935263B
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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1* '2008': Bombardier offers a new

wireless power transmission product
PRIMOVE, a system for use on trams
and light-rail vehicles.

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2008': Greg Leyh and Mike Kennan

of the Nevada Lightning Laboratory
publish a paper on the disturbed
charge of ground and air method of
wireless power transmission with
circuit simulations and test results
showing an efficiency greater than
can be obtained using the
electrodynamic induction method.
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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2009': A Consortium of interested

companies called the Wireless Power
Consortium announce they are
nearing completion for a new industry
standard for low-power (which is
eventually published in August 2010)
inductive charging.

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1* '2009': An Ex approved Torch and

Charger aimed at the offshore market
is introduced. This product is
developed by Wireless Power
Communication, a Norway based
company.

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2009': A simple analytical electrical

model of electrodynamic induction power
transmission is proposed and applied to a
wireless power transfer system for
implantable devices.

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2010': System On Chip (SoC) group in

University of British Columbia develops
a highly efficient wireless power
transmission systems using 4-coils.
The design is optimized for implantable
applications and power transfer
efficiency of 82% is achieved.

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2012': A group at University of Toronto,

presented for the first time a closed form
analytical solution for the optimum load
that achieves the maximum possible
wireless power transfer efficiency under
arbitrary input impedance conditions
based on the general two-port
parameters of the network. The proposed
method effectively decoupled the design
of the inductive coupling two-port from
the problem of loading and power
amplifier design.
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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2012': Bioelectromagnetics and Implantable

Devices group in University of Utah, USA
develops an efficient wireless power and data
transfer system for biomedical Implants.
Presented design achieves more than twice
the efficiency and frequency bandwidth
compared to conventional inductive link
approach. Design approach is extendable to
other industrial smart wireless power transfer
system.

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2012': Christopher Tucker, Kevin

Warwick and William Holderbaum of the
University of Reading, UK develop a highly
efficient, compact power transfer system
safe for use in human proximity. The
design is simple and uses only a few
components to generate stable currents
for biomedical implants. It resulted from
research that directly attempted to extend
Tesla’s 1897 wireless power work.
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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2013': Multi-coil based wireless power

transfer system is proposed to reduce the
variation in power transfer efficiency and
data bandwidth with coupling variation.
Such systems can compensate the effect
of coil misalignment on system
performance.

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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2013': A fully integrated wireless

power receiver is demonstrated in
CMOS process by a group at University
of Toronto. The designed prototype
requires no off-chip components or
post-processing steps. The
demonstrated single-chip prototype is
only a few millimeters on each side,
mass producible and heavily reduces
the cost. This level of integration also
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 Contactless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2013': The concept of a virtual

waveguide controlled by ordered magnetic
fields for wireless power transmission is
proposed.

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 Electric power transmission - Wireless power transmission

1 Both Nikola Tesla and Hidetsugu Yagi

attempted to devise systems for large
scale wireless power transmission in
the late 1800s and early 1900s, with no
commercial success.

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 Electric power transmission - Wireless power transmission

1 Wireless power transmission has been

studied for transmission of power
from solar power satellites to the
earth. A high power array of
microwave or laser transmitters would
beam power to a rectenna. Major
engineering and economic challenges
face any solar power satellite project.

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 Wireless powerline sensor

1 A 'Wireless powerline sensor' hangs

from an overhead power line and sends
measurements to a data collection
system. Because the sensor does not
touch anything but a single live
Electrical conductor|conductor, no high-
voltage isolation devices are needed.
The sensor is installed simply by
clamping it around a conductor. The
sensor powers itself from energy Energy
harvesting|scavenged from electrical or
magnetic fields surrounding the
conductor being measured.
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 Wireless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '1975': Goldstone Deep Space

Communications Complex does
experiments in the tens of
kilowatts.[http://www.sspi.gatech.edu/w
ptshinohara.pdf Wireless Power
Transmission for Solar Power Satellite
(SPS) (Second Draft by N. Shinohara),
Space Solar Power Workshop, Georgia
Institute of Technology]
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 Wireless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2012': Bioelectromagnetics and

Implantable Devices group in
University of Utah, USA develops an
efficient resonance based wireless
power and data transfer system for
biomedical Implants. Presented
design achieves more than twice the
efficiency and frequency bandwidth
compared to conventional inductive
link approach. Design approach is
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 Wireless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2013': Resonance based multi-coil

wireless power transfer system is
proposed to reduce the variation in power
transfer efficiency and data bandwidth with
coupling variation. Such systems can
compensate the effect of coil misalignment
on system performance.

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 Wireless energy transfer - Timeline of wireless power

1 * '2014': The first microfluidic implant

coil is proposed for the wireless power
transfer to the flexible telemetry
system. The work demonstrates a soft
and flexible coil fabricated with a
liquid metal alloy encased in a
biocompatible elastomeric substrate
to target the application of biomedical
implantable devices.
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 Wireless power transmission

1 With wireless power,

efficiency is the
more significant
parameter

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 Wireless power transmission

1 The most common form of wireless

power transmission is carried out
using inductive coupling|direct
induction followed by resonant
inductive coupling|resonant
magnetic induction. Other methods
under consideration are
electromagnetic radiation in the form
of microwave power
transmission|microwaves or beam-
powered propulsion|lasers and
electrical conduction through natural
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 Wireless power transmission - Disturbed charge of ground and air method

1 This energy transfer technique is

suitable for transmission of electrical
power in industrial quantities and also
for wireless broadband
telecommunications. The Wardenclyffe
Tower project was an early commercial
venture for trans-Atlantic wireless
telephony and proof-of-concept
demonstrations of global wireless power
transmission using this method.The
Future of the Wireless Art, Wireless
Telegraphy and Telephony, Walter W.
Massie Charles R. Underhill, 1908, pp.
67–71.
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 Wireless Power Consortium

1 'Qi' (pronounced Chee) is an interface

standard developed by the Wireless
Power Consortium for inductive
electrical power transfer over distances
of up to 4 cm (1.6 inches). The Qi
system comprises a power
transmission pad and a compatible
receiver in a portable device. To use the
system, the mobile device is placed on
top of the power transmission pad,
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 Wireless Power Consortium

1 Mobile device manufacturers that are

working with the standard include Asus,
HTC, Huawei, LG Electronics, Motorola
Mobility, Nokia, Samsung, and Sony. The
Wireless Power Consortium was
established in 2008, and is an open-
membership cooperation of Asian,
European, and American companies in
various manufacturing industries. Their
aim is to create a global standard for
inductive charging technology.
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 Wireless Power Consortium - Features and specifications

1 The WPC published the Qi low power

specification in August 2009. The Qi
specification is available as free
public download. In 2011, the Wireless
Power Consortium began to extend the
Qi specification to medium power.
The low-power specification delivers
up to 5 watts; the medium-power
specification will deliver up to 120
watts. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-wireless-power-toolkit.html
 Wireless Power Consortium - Wireless Power Consortium

1 The WPC's standard for wireless

power, called Qi (pronounced chee)
creates interoperability between the
device providing power (power
transmitter, charging station) and the
device receiving power (power
receiver, portable device). Using the
Qi standard, a range of mobile
electronics will be able to use
magnetic induction to recharge
simply by being placed on top of a
single power transfer pad.
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 Wireless Power Consortium - History

1 Established December 17, 2008, the WPC

is in the process of creating a universal
Inductive charging|wireless power
charging standard that allows electronic
products and charging stations to be
compatible with one another. Founding
member companies include:
ConvenientPower Limited, Fulton
Innovation LLC, Logitech SA, National
Semiconductor Corporation, Royal Philips
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 Wireless Power Consortium - Members and leadership

1 The Wireless Power Consortium is a

cooperation of independent
companies. The cooperation is
governed by a Consortium Charter
that defines rules for confidentiality,
intellectual property and decision
making. Five work groups oversee
different functions of the WPC.

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 Wireless Power Consortium - Members and leadership

1 The Low Power Work Group maintains the

technical specification of the Qi low power
wireless power standard.

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 Wireless Power Consortium - Members and leadership

1 The Medium Power Work Group

creates the technical specification of
the Qi medium power wireless power
standard, up to 120 Watts.

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 Wireless Power Consortium - Members and leadership

1 WPC member companies represent

several industries, including wireless
power (e.g., Fulton Innovation,
ConvenientPower, Sanyo),
semiconductors (e.g.,Triune Systems,
Texas Instruments, Freescale, ST
Ericsson, MediaTek), infrastructure
(e.g., Leggett Platt, Continental
Automotive, PLDS, Johnson Controls,
Visteon), operators (e.g., Verizon
Wireless, Orange, Softbank), testing
and certification companies (e.g
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