“Impact of Graphic Health

Warnings to the Long-Term

Smokers in Sta. Mesa, Manila”
Researchers:
Ma. Faith G. Astronomo
Mikkel Yardwheen S.P. Bigting
Jusmine Angela C. Canlas
Erika Joy L. Del Rosario
Ma. Andrea V. Descanzo
Peaches Alliana R. Martinez
Robin Rev J. Miranda
Jude Mison
Background of the Study

17.3 M adult Filipino smokers

RA 10643 or Graphic Health

Warnings Law

IMPACT
1. What is the profile of the respondents
in terms of:

1.1 age
1.2 gender
1.3 years of how long they have been
smoking?
2. What are the factors affecting the consumer in
taking cigarettes with the new graphic
health warning in packages in terms of:

2.1 health
2.2 choice?
3. What is the alternative choice of the
smokers when they encounter the new
packaging of the cigarettes?
 Hypothesis
H01= The graphic health warning on
cigarette packs had significant
impact to the long-term smokers.
 Hypothesis
H02= The graphic health warnings on cigarette
packages have less or no impact towards
the long-term smokers, since these
warnings does not seem to mind or affect
them, and also it became part of their
daily lives and became used to it.
 Theoretical Framework

The Theory of Reasoned Action

(Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980; 1975)

The theory of reasoned action (TRA) is a

widely studied model from social psychology
which is concerned with the determinants of
consciously intended behaviors.
 Subjective norm: Attitude towards
Smoking for a long time can Behavior:
kill as showed in the cigarette Smoking for a long time can kill
packages. as showed in the cigarette
packages.

Behavioral Intention: The long-term smokers are

open to different perceptions and behaviors
towards the new graphic health warning in
cigarette packages.

Behavior: The long-term smokers will either

reduce/quit smoking due to the new graphic
health warnings in cigarette packages or ignore it.
 Theoretical Framework

Protection Motivation Theory

(Rogers, 1975)
The theory states that for an individual to
adopt a health behavior, he/she needs to
believe that there is a severe threat that is
likely to happen and by adopting a health
behavior, he/she can probably lessen the
threat.
Sta. Mesa, Manila
• 5 years and above
• 2-4 packs per day
• Brands: Marlboro, Fortune,
Philip Morris and Winston
Significance of the study
 Review of Related
Literature
Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids (2018)

Plain packaging is an important demand

reduction measure that reduces the attractiveness
of the tobacco products.
- World Health Organization (2016)
 Review of Related
Literature

Australia, United Kingdom, and France

PLAIN PACKAGING
 Review of Related
Literature

Nepal

WORLD’S LARGEST HEALTH WARNINGS

 Review of Related
Literature

Philippines

GRAPHIC HEALTH WARNINGS LAW

OR
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10643
-Health Justice Philippines (2018)
 Research Design

Descriptive Survey
Research Method
Long-term smokers from different barangays in
Sta. Mesa, Manila

Purposive sampling
technique
 Pre-survey Questionnaires

Pretest and Posttest

Questionnaires
(Dichotomous type of questions)
 Statistical Treatment

Paired sample T-test