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Design representation:
enough information to
Dimensions
To assist machinist:
e.g. distance between centers of holes
Tolerances
imprecision in machining
must specify the tolerance range,
What is a ‘good level of tolerance’?
Tolerances interchangeability
Tolerance and Concurrent Engineering
Why ?
process capability
…
Part 1. Projections.
1. Renaissance architects
con
parallel
parallel
fini verge:
te v
ani
shin
g int
poi
nt r ge: ing po
ve h
con e vanis
t
fini
par
a llel
par
a llel
How ?
Set the vanishing point at infinity
Another problem:
TOP
FRONT RIGHT
Isometric view: gives a ‘3D image’
Uses:
Datum feature:
An actual feature of a part, that is used to establish a datum.
Basic Dimension:
The theoretically exact size of a feature or datum
Limits: The max/min allowable sizes
Reference dimensions:
Redundant dimensions, in ( …)
Conventional Tolerancing:
upper limit =
lower limit =
bilateral unilateral
+0.03 +0.04 +0.06 -0.00 -0.03
2.50 - 0.03 2.49 - 0.02 2.47 + 0.00 2.53 -0.06 2.56 -0.09
Conventional Tolerancing..
[difficult assembly
Medium Force -0.0005d 0.0006d1/3 0.0006d1/3
can transmit torque] Shrink -0.001d 0.0006d1/3 0.0006d1/3
The hole-basic specification convention
2.000
basic + basic +
h h s s
basic + size - size -
size -
a a a a
mean + mean +
s s h h
size - basic size -
size
hole basic hole basic hole basic shaft basic
unilateral tolerance bilateral tolerance unilateral tolerance bilateral tolerance
clearance fit clearance fit interference fit interference fit
Generalization of hole-basic/shaft-basic
X t
datum B datum C
datum A
Straightness
MMC
M
Flatness
Regardless of feature size S
Form
Circularity
LMC
L
Cylindricity
Projected Tol Zone P
Line profile
Diameter
Profile
Surface profile
Spherical Diameter
S
Angle
Radius R
Orientation Perpendicular
Spherical Radius
SR
Parallel
Reference size
( )
True Position
Location Arc length
Concentricity
Circular runout
Runout
Total runout
Different allowed notations (ANSI)
-A- datum
0.001 M A M
0.001 A B C
Conventional system:
rectangular tolerance zones