COMPUTATIONAL

GEOPHYSICS
MFI81206 / Fall Term
Course 1
RGGP-UI
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwyCKQwWVlhuOXFkaHRsYVRpZFE
Geophysical Data
 1-dimensional:
 Well logs
 Gravity/magnetic profiles
 Seismograph records (single channel)

 2-dimensional:
 Seismic sections
 3-dimensional:
 Seismic volumes
 Horizons, faults, surfaces

 4-dimensional:
 Seismic gathers
 Time-lapse seismic volumes
Why do we need matrices?
 Most of geophysical data can be represented by
matrices
 Matrix operations and manipulations are required to
analyze and understand geophysical data
 Matrices in Octave are in a “human-readable” form
Matrix Operations
 Transpose
 Reshape
 Selecting rows
 Selecting columns
 Special matrices
 Starting Octave

Current Directory window

Command window

Workspace window

Command History window Editor window

Simple Exercise
 Go to Exercises_Octave/Course01 directory
load ../../Data/clown;
 Typing who, you should see all the variables in your
workspace

imagesc(X);colormap(map);

# of rows
size(X)

# of columns
 Simple Exercise
 Select the clown’s eye
selectx=X(50:110,150:220);

Select rows 50 to 110, Select columns 150 to 220,

incrementing every 1 incrementing every 1
figure;imagesc(selectx);colormap(map);

Open new figure panel,

otherwise your current
figure will be overwritten
Simple Exercise
 Flipping the figure  simply doing a transpose on
the X matrix
figure;imagesc(X’);colormap(map);
Simple Exercise
 Split the figure into 2
Xr=reshape(X,100,640);
Xupper=Xr(:,1:2:640);Xlower=Xr(:,2:2:640);
figure;subplot(211);imagesc(Xupper);colormap(map);
subplot(212);imagesc(Xlower);colormap(map)
Simple Exercise
 “Invert” the colormap  multiply by -1
figure;imagesc(X*(-1));colormap(map);

Normal colormap Inverted colormap

Useful Geophysical Toolboxes
 CREWES  will use this a lot
 SeismicLab  another good toolbox
 SegyMAT  GUI for importing and exporting SEG-Y
files to Octave
 SeisLab  for seismic and log data analyses in
Octave
Adding CREWES Toolbox to Octave

 Download setGlobals.m, declareGlobals.m and

startup.m from google drive
 Put these files under your Octave working directory.
On Windows, this will be C:/Users/<your_name>
 If it complains about package signal and nnet are not
installed, you will need to install these packages first
 To install from sourceforge, type in Octave:
pkg install –forge signal
pkg install –forge nnet
Adding CREWES Toolbox to Octave

 Now you can test the toolbox by typing plotseis in

command window. The following figure should appear
File Structure
 Copy all folders in one place. There should be three
folders in total
 : Where all the input and output data reside
 : Where you keep all the Octave
exercise scripts (the other folder without the Octave
suffix is for Matlab scripts)
 : Where the ppt slides are located
Syllabi
 Introduction, data loading and displays
 Raytracing in V(z) and V(x,z) media
 Acoustic wave modeling with finite-difference
 1-D and 2-D velocity interpolation, time-to-
depth/depth-to-time conversion
 Post-stack time (F-K, Kirchhoff) and depth (Phase-shift
Plus Interpolation – PSPI) migration
 Seismic attributes (amplitude, frequency, phase), rock
physics and band-limited impedance inversion
 Mid term
Syllabi
 Predicting log properties from seismic using neural
networks
 Spectral decomposition techniques: short-time Fourier
transform (STFT), S-transform and empirical mode
decomposition (EMD)
 Inverse problems in geophysics
 Selected topics in exploration geophysics (tentative)
 Final term
Exercise 01a – 3-D Seismic Data Loading

 Go to Exercises/Course01 directory in Octave

 Open exercise01a.m with Octave editor by typing
edit exercise01a in command window, or double
clicking the exercise01a.m file in the Current Directory
window
 Exercise01a.m is called a script, where you can
actually run in Octave to produce result
 To run the script, simply type the script name in
command window or click the button in editor
(shortcut is F5)
Exercise 01a & 01b
 We will read SEG-Y seismic data and plain ASCII
horizon file and display them in 3D view
 The SEG-Y comes together with a text header file to
give you information on the number of in-lines and
cross-lines and spatial locations. Please read this file
 The horizon is given as an ASCII file with inline,
crossline and two-way time values in each column
 Try to understand how the data are organized, this
will help you in manipulating and displaying the data
Exercise 01a Script

Explanation about the script, person

who wrote the script (good practice)

Clear the workspace, freeing memory used to hold the variables

Data organization, creating

time axis
Exercise 01a Script
Data organization to
appropriate dimension

Create inline, xline and time

slices
Exercise 01a – Result
Exercise 01b – Loading Horizon

Organize data by crossline

then inline
Exercise 01b – Displaying Horizons