Unit-1 Shift Registers

B.Tech (ECE-AI) II Sem

 Classification of Shift Registers
• Basic shift register functions

• Serial in/serial out (SISO) shift registers

• Serial in/parallel out (SIPO) shift registers

• Parallel in/serial out (PISO) shift registers

• Parallel in/parallel out (PIPO) shift registers

• Bidirectional shift registers

 Definition
❖ A register is a digital circuit with two basic
functions: Data Storage and Data Movement.

❖ A shift register provides the data movement

function.
❖ A shift register “shifts” its output once every clock
cycle.
❖ A shift register is a group of flip-flops set up in
a linear fashion with their inputs and outputs
connected together in such a way that the data
is shifted from one device to another when the
circuit is active.
 Shift Register Applications
Converting between Serial Data and Parallel Data
• Temporary Storage in a Processor
– Scratch-pad Memories
• Some Arithmetic Operations
– Multiply, Divide
• Communications
– UART

• Some Counter Applications

– Ring Counter
– Johnson Counter
– Linear Feedback Shift

Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) counters

• time delay devices and more

 Shift Register Characteristics
bits in a shift register can move in any of
the following manners
 Serial Transfer

6
 Basic shift register functions
• A register is a digital circuit with basic
functions:
– Data storage and
– Data movement
• The storage capacity of a register is the total
number of bits it can retain.
• Shift registers consists of an arrangement of
flips-flops
– Each stage (flip-flop) in a shift register
represents one bit of storage capacity.
 Basic shift register functions
The shifting capacity permits the movement of
data from stage to stage within the register or
into or out of the register upon application of
clock pulses.

• The basic difference between a register and

a counter is that a register has no specified
sequence of states, except in certain very
specialized applications.
• A register is used solely for storing and
shifting data
Serial In/Serial Out Shift Registers
• It accepts data serially, one bit at a time on a
single line, and produces the sorted
information on its output also in a serial form
Serial In/Serial Out Shift Registers
• 4 bit register
• It needs 4 clock pulses to store 4 bits
• Example:
– Illustrate entry of the 4 bits 1010 into the register.
– Illustrate serially shifting the 4 bits out of the register, i.e. clearing the
register.
Example: Show the states of the 5-bit shift register for the specified
data input and clock waveforms. The registered is initially cleared.
 Serial In/Parallel Out Shift Registers
• Data bits are entered serially as illustrated before
• Once the data are stored, the output of each
stage is available on its output line.
Serial in/Parallel Out Shift Registers
• 4-bit register (1010)
 Serial In/Parallel Out Shift Registers
• Example: Show the state of the 4-bit register for the
data input and clock waveforms. The register initially
contains all 1s.
Serial In/Parallel Out Shift Registers
 Parallel In/Serial Out Shift Registers
– The bits are entered simultaneously into their respective
stages.
– The serial output appears bit by bit per clock pulse.
– To store 4 bits, we need 1 clock pulse
– To shift them out them, we need another 3 clock pulses.
• 4-bit parallel in/serial out
Parallel In/Serial Out Shift Registers
4-bit parallel in/serial out
• 4-bit Parallel In/Serial out
 Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift
Registers
• The bits are entered simultaneously into their respective
stages.
• Immediately, the bits appear on the parallel outputs.

4-bit version
Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift Registers
• 4-bit version
Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift Registers
• 4-bit version
 Bidirectional Shift Register
• A bidirectional shift register is one in which the
data can be shifted either left or right.
4-bit version
Bidirectional 4-bit Shift Register
Bidirectional 4-bit Shift Register
End of the slides