OPTIC NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE II)

ABDUL WAHAB RASYID

Retina
• Rods and Cones (bright, dark and colour perceptions)
• bipolar neurons and the ganglia cells.
Fovea is the sharpest vision and only has cone cell type
Visual tract:

The long axons of the ganglion cells pass through the optic papilla (disk) and leave the eye as the optic nerve,
Half of these fibers decussate and half remain uncrossed, become optic tract then Travel to the colliculi
superior and the nuclei in the pretectal area. Terminate on the corpus geniculatum lateral, then become optic
tract and travel as radiation opticum around the temporal and occipital horn of the lateral ventricle to the
occipital lobe within below and above calcarine fissure.
VISUAL TRACT
HETERONYMOUS
• bitemporal hemianopsia
• binasal hemianopsia
HOMONYMOUS
Homonymous hemianopsia
Homonymous upper quadrantanopsia
Homonymous lower quadrantanopsia
CORNEAL REFLEX

• Light touching of the cornea or conjunctiva results in blinking of the eyelids.

Afferent impulses from the Main sensory nucleus of cornea or conjunctiva
travel through the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve to the sensory
nucleus of the trigeminal nerve . Internuclear neurons connect with the motor
nucleus of the facial nerve on both sides through the medial longitudinal
fasciculus. The facial nerve and its branches supply the orbicularis oculi muscle,
which causes closure of the eyelids.
PAPILL OEDEMA

Normal optic nerve

Swollen optic nerve

PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX AND THE
ACCOMMODATION REFLEX
• In the pupillary light reflex, afferent pupillary fibers leave the optic tract
before the lateral geniculate bodies, travel in the superior colliculus, and
synapse in the pretectal. Both pretectal nuclei receive input from both eyes,
and each sends axons to both Edinger-Westphal nuclei. Parasympathetic
fibers for pupillary constriction leave the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and travel
along the ipsilateral third cranial nerve to the ipsilateral ciliary ganglion
within the orbit. The postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervate the
pupillary constrictor muscle and the ciliary muscle for accommodation.
THANK YOU