FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMINS

Vitamins are organic compound that are

essentials for body process.

Vitamins themselves do not provide

energy; they enable the body to use the
energy provided by fat, carbohydrates, and
protein.
CLASSIFICATION OF
VITAMINS
Vitamins commonly group according to
solubilitiy;
Fat soluble
 VIT. A
 VIT. D
 VIT. E
 VIT. K

Water soluble
VIT. B complex
VIT. C
FAT SOLUBLE
Vitamins that can be dissolved in fat.

Transported into blood by lipoproteins

because they are not soluble in water.

Excess amount can be stored in liver.

Vitamin A (retinol)
FUNCTIONS
Maintenance of mucous membranes
and healthy skin.
Growth and development of bones
Reproduction
Healthy immune system
Vitamin A (retinol)
Absorption and Storage
Absorption aided by bile, pancreatic
lipase, and dietary fat.
Carotene converted into Vitamin A in
intestinal wall.
Absorbed through lymphatic system and
portal blood or liver (same route as fat).
Large storage capacity in liver, hence
potential toxicity levels with large intakes.
Vitamin A (retinol)
FOOD SOURCES
Plants
 Dark green leafy vegetables
 Deep yellow or orange fruit
 Fortified margarine
Vitamin A (retinol)
FOOD SOURCES
Animal
 Liver
 Whole milk
 Butter
 Cream
 Cod liver oil
Vitamin A Adequate Intake
Population Group Reference Weight RNI ug RE/day

Infants, mo

Birth-<6 6 375

6-<12 9 400

Children, y

1-3 13 400

4-6 19 400

7-9 24 400
Males, y

10-12 34 400

13-15 50 550

16-18 58 600

19 and over 59 550

Females, y

10-12 35 400

13-15 49 450

16-18 50 450
19 and over 51 500

Pregnant women 800

Lactating women 900

Vitamin A Deficiency
Night Blindness
Xeroptithalmia
Respiratory Infections
Vitamin A Toxicity
Birth Defects
Bone Pain
Anorexia
Enlargement of Liver
Vitamin D (calciferol)
FUNCTIONS
Regulation of absorption of calcium
and phosphorus
Building and maintenance of normal
bones and teeth.
Prevention of tetany
Vitamin D (calciferol)
Absorption and Storage
Absorption accompanies that of calcium
and phosphorus in the small intestine.
It is formed by sunlight in the skin
absorbed into the systemic circulation as
hormones.
Stored in liver, but not as great as that
VIT. A.
Vitamin D (calciferol)
FOOD SOURCES
Animal
 Eggs
 Liver
 Fortified milk
 Fortified Margarine
 Oily Fish
Vitamin D (calciferol)
FOOD SOURCES
Sunlight
Vitamin D Adequate Intake
Population Group Reference Weight RNI ug RE/day

Infants, mo

Birth-<6 6 5

6-<12 9 5

Children, y

1-3 13 5

4-6 19 5

7-9 24 5

10-18
Males 5

Females 5

Adults, y

19-49 5

Males 59 5

Females 51

50-64 10

65 and over 15

Pregnant Women 5

Lactating Women 5
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets
Osteoporosis
Poorly developed teeth and bones
Muscle spasms
Vitamin D Toxicity
Kidney stones
Calcification of soft tissues
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
FUNCTIONS
Considered essential for protection of
cell structure, specially of red blood
cells.
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Absorption and Storage

Absorbed with other fat-soluble vitamins,

aided by bile and fats.

Stored especially in adipose tissue.

Vitamin E (tocopherol)
FOOD SOURCES
Plants
 Green and leafy vegetables
 Margarines
 Salad dressing
 Wheat germ and wheat germ oils
 Vegetable oils
 nuts
Vitamin E Adequate Intake
Population Group Reference Weight RNI ug RE/day

Infants, mo

Birth-<6 6 3

6-<12 9 4

Children, y

1-3 13 5

4-6 19 6

7-9 24 7
Males, y

10-12 34 10

13-15 50 12

16-18 58 13

19 and over 59 12

Females, y

10-12 35 11

13-15 49 12

16-18 50 12
19 and over 51 12

Pregnant women 12

Lactating women 16
Vitamin E Deficiency

Increased rate of hemolysis of the red

blood cells.
Vitamin K
FUNCTIONS
Play a key role in helping blood clot,
preventing excessive bleeding.
Vitamin K
Absorption and Storage
Absorbed by usual cycle route for Fats-
lacteals, portal blood to liver.
Stored in liver in small amounts.
Vitamin K
FOOD SOURCES
Animal
 Liver
 Milk
Plants
 Green leafy vegetables
 Cabbage
 Broccoli
 spinach
Vitamin K Adequate Intake
Population Group Reference Weight RNI ug RE/day

Infants, mo

Birth-<6 6 6

6-<12 9 9

Children, y

1-3 13 13

4-6 19 19

7-9 24 24
Males, y

10-12 34 34

13-15 50 50

16-18 58 58

19 and over 59 59

Females, y

10-12 35 35

13-15 49 49

16-18 50 50
19 and over 51 51

Pregnant women 51

Lactating women 51
Vitamin K Deficiency
Prolonged blood clotting or
hemorrhaging.
Vitamin K Toxicity
Hemolytic anemia
Interferes with anti clotting medications.
The End