ELASTICITIES

• Price Elasticity of Demand

• Income Elasticity of Demand
• Cross Elasticity of Demand
PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND

Mengukur respons jumlah brg atau jasa yg diminta bila

terjadi perubahan pd harga brg atau jasa ybs.

Angka yg digunakan utk mengukur respons tsb. disebut:

Coefficient of Price Elasticity of Demand (e).

% perubahan jumlah brg yg diminta

e=
% perubahan harga brg ybs.

DQ/Q DQ P
e =- e= - D .
P Q
DP / P
Jika: e > 1  elastic
e < 1  inelastic
e = 1  unit elastic
e = ∞  perfectly elastic
e = 0  perfectly inelastic

Shape kurva demand pd berbagai elastisitas, umumnya:

P P P P D inelastis
unit sempurna
elastis inelastis elastic
D
D elastis
D sempurna
D

0 Q 0 Q 0 Q 0 Q
ARC AND POINT OF ELASTICITY

Arc of elasticity mengukur elastisitas di antara 2 titik.

Point of elasticity mengukur elastisitas pd satu titik.

Contoh arc of elasticity:

Px
Titik Px (Rp) Qx
A 8 0
A
B 7 1000 B
C 6 2000 C
D 5 3000 D

F 4 4000
G 3 5000
H 2 6000 M
Qx
0 1000 3000
L 1 7000 2000
M 0 8000

QD - QB PB 2000 . 7
B --> D e= . =7
PD - PB QB -2 1000

D --> B QB - QD PD -2000. 5
e= . = 1,67
PB - PD QB 2 3000
Perbedaan koefisien antara 2 titik tsb. dpt dihindari dg
menggunakan rataan 2 harga dan rataan 2 kuantitas:

DQ . (PB + PD) / 2 D
e=- = - Q . PB + PD
D P (QD + QB)/2 D P QB + QD

e = - ( - 2000 . 12
)= 3
2 4000

Point of elasticity: Px

DQ . P A
e= -
DP Q C

NM . NC
e=
NC ON
Dx
NM 6000
e= = 2000 = 3 N M
ON 0 2000 8000
Qx
 Px
Secara umum:
A = ∞

e > 1

C -> e = 1

e < 1

N M -> e = 0
0 Qx

Bgmn demand elasticity pd non-linear demand curve ?

Px

A Tentukan tangency
(ttk singgung) pd titik
C yg dimaksud hitung
Dx
sesuai prosedur di atas.

N M
Qx
0
POINT OF ELASTICITY AND TOTAL REVENUE

The price elasticity of demand erat kaitannya dg total

revenue (TR)
TR = Harga x Kuantitas = P.Q

Titik Px (Rp) Qx TR e Px
A 8 0 0
A = ∞
B 7 1000 7000 7
C 6 2000 12000 3 e > 1
D 5 3000 15000 5/3
F 4 4000 16000 1 C -> e = 1
G 3 5000 15000 3/5 e < 1
H 2 6000 12000 1/3
L 1 7000 7000 1/7 N M -> e = 0
M 0 8000 0 0 Qx
Tanpa memandang shape demand curve, saat P turun
maka  TR naik jika e > 1
TR tetap jika e =1
TR turun jika e < 1

Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand

Price elasticity of demand suatu brg dipengaruhi oleh:

• Ketersediaan barang2 subustitusi
• Unsur waktu penyesuaian thdp perubahan harga
 INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND

Mengukur respons jumlah brg atau jasa yg diminta bila

terjadi perubahan pd pendapatan (income) konsumen.

Angka yg digunakan utk mengukur respons tsb. disebut:

Coefficient of Income Elasticity of Demand (e).

% perubahan jumlah brg yg diminta

e=
% perubahan pendapatan konsumen

eI = D Q / Q eI DQ I
= D .
I Q
DI / I
Necessaty/normal
Luxurious Good Inferior Good
0 > eI < 1
eI > 1 eI < 0
CROSS ELASTICITY OF DEMAND

Mengukur respons jumlah suatu brg yg diminta (Qx) bila

terjadi perubahan pd harga brg lain (Py).

Angka yg digunakan utk mengukur respons tsb. disebut:

Coefficient of Cross Elasticity of Demand (exy).

% perubahan jumlah brg X yg diminta

exy =
% perubahan harga brg Y

D Q x / Qx DQx Py
exy = D P / P exy = D Py . Q
x
y y

Substitutes Complements
exy > 0 exy < 0