Schistosoma

haematobium

https://web.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2004/S
chisto/copulating_schistosomes.gif
S. haematobium is  Taxonomy and
Classification
one of the three
- Kingdom: Animalia
main species of Phylum: Platyhelminthes
digenetic blood Class: Trematoda
Subclass: Digenea
trematodes that Order: Strigeiformes
causes Family: Schistosomatidae
Genus: Schistosoma
Schistosomiasis. Species: haematobium
 The infective larval cercariae enters
the human skin through contact with
contaminated water.
 It sheds its forked tail becoming
schistosomulae which migrates to
several tissues and resides in veins.
 The adult female flukes lays egg
(about 30 eggs/day) which migrates
to the urinary bladder and ureters.
 The eggs are released together with
the urine or feces going back to the
water where it hatches, releasing
miracidia.
 This penetrates the tissue of the host
snail and undergoes a cycle with an
end product of cercariae.
http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/images/shistosomiasis/schistomes_lifecycle.gif
 S.haematobium can
be found in Africa
and Middle East.
 Other species that
causes
schistosomiasis are
found in South
America, Caribbean,
and Southeast Asia
1950 BC: Egyptian pharaohs wrote of urinary bladder
disturbances that probably were schistosomiasis haematobium.
1200 BC: Schistosome ova have been found in mummies dated
from around this time
1851: Theodor Bilharz, a German pathologist, discovered the
parasite while working at Kasr El-Eini Hospital in Cairo
1915: Lieper, an English scientist, discovered the intermediate
snail host
Early: skin rash (swimmer’s itch),fever,
hepatitis, enlarged liver, spleen, and
lymph nodes.
Later, gradual onset: painful or difficult
urination, blood in urine, urethral
obstruction, kidney damage from
obstruction of urine, no urination,
and/or elephantiasis of penis.
 Diagnosis:examination of stool and urine; biopsies of
the bladder, rectum, or vaginal wall
 Therapy: schistosomiasis usually responds well to drug
therapy; corrective surgeries, kidney transplants and
chemotherapy for severe cases
 Prevention: educating the people, use of molluscides,
biologic control of snails, and environmental control to
reduce snail habitat.
Stanford University. 2004. Schistosoma haematobium.
Retrieved last February 17, 2016 from
https://web.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites200
4/Schisto/website.html
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012.
Parasites: Schistosomiasis. Retrieved last February 17,
2016 from
http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/biology.h
tml