-History is traditionally

regarded as the study of

the recorded past.
-It comes from the Greek
noun LOTOPIA or HISTORIA
meaning "
"learning."
2 TYPES OF HISTORICAL
SOURCES:

1.Primary Sources
-is a testimony of an eyewitness or an
account of someone who has firsthand
information on the subject.
EXAMPLES:
-video interviews
-journal entries
-transcripts
-monuments or structures
-photographs
-statistics
-official government records
2.SECONDARY SOURCES
-Is a testimony or an
account of someone who
is not an eyewitness to the
event being narrated.
EXAMPLES:
-biographies
-textbooks
-conference proceedings
-book reviews
KEY PERSONALITIES:
Herodotus (c. 484 –
425/413 BCE) was a Greek
writer who invented the
field of study known today
as `history’. He was called
`The Father of History’ by
the Roman writer and orator
Cicero for his famous work
The Histories but has also
been called “The Father of
Lies” by critics who claim
these `histories’ are little
more than tall tales.
Thucydides (c. 472 BC –
c. 400 BC) was an ancient
Greek historian, author of
the History of the
Peloponnesian War,
which recounts the 5th
century BC war between
Sparta and Athens. This
work is widely regarded a
classic and represents the
first work of its kind.
Leopold von Ranke
(German: 21 December
1795 – 23 May 1886) was a
German historian and a
founder of modern source-
based history. According to
Caroline Hoefferle, "Ranke
was probably the most
important historian to
shape [the] historical
profession as it emerged in
Europe and the United
States in the late 19th
century
METHODS OF
CREATING A
HISTORY
1.POSITIVISM
-embraces human agency in
history. Uses sources to
provide and accurate and
complete vision of the past.
 2.NARRATIVE-
CHRONOLOGY
-the creation of narratives of
the past -analysis plays less
role as the role of accidents
is more important.
3.BIOGRAPHY-
HAGIOGRAPHY
-the "The Great Men"method which
create chronological narratives.Often
look at the agency of one individual in
history.
4.DIALECTS-ANALYSIS
-these are created which become
orthodoxies .New theses the arrive to
challenge these-revionism -and a synthesis
is produced from the old and the new.
-the synthesis becomes the new thesis or
paradigm and the process of clashes
(dialectic)repeats.
5.META-NARRATIVE -
TOTAL HISTORY
-works at the Annales school are characterised
by a multi-layered approach which seek to
integrate lon-g term,mid term and short term
factors in a "total history".There is an effort to
explain large amounts of human history
through the application of theory and social
science. Comparative studiesof similar events
in desparate places .
6.NEGATIVISM
-rejects human agency in
historical affairs .Rejects all
sources.Rejects the
possibility of empathetic
understanding of the past.
GROUP 4
Jeven Telebrico
Manny Ibabao
Kim James Daprosa
Vic Morrison