Introduction to Solid Modeling

Parametric (3D) Modeling

Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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 Why draw 3D Models?
• 3D models are easier to visualize and interpret.
• 3D models can be used to perform engineering
analysis, finite element analysis (stress,
deflection, thermal…..) and motion analysis
• 3D models can be used directly in manufacturing,
Computer Numerical Control (CNC).
• Less expensive than building a physical model.
• 3D models can be altered easily, create
more concepts
• Can be used for presentations and marketing.

Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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 Old designs - geometric

New designs - freeform

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Radio Thermos

Coffee Press

Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

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 Freeform shapes
Hull design

Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

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 Basics of Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
What is FEA ?
A complex problem is divided into a smaller and
simpler problems that can be solved by using the
existing knowledge of mechanics of materials
and mathematical tools
Why FEA ?
Modern mechanical design involves complicated
shapes, sometimes made of different materials
that as a whole cannot be solved by existing
mathematical tools. Engineers need the FEA to
evaluate their designs
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 Basics of Finite Element Analysis
The process of dividing the model into
small pieces is called meshing. The
behavior of each element is well-known
under all possible support and load
scenarios. The finite element method uses
elements with different shapes. Elements
share common points called nodes. 10-node Quadratic

mesh analysis results

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 Can Crusher

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 Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
A CNC machine is an NC machine with the added feature of
an on-board computer.

1 A solid model of the

part is created.
2 The program path is
generated by computer

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 CNC Machines
Machining Centers, equipped with automatic tool changers,
are capable of changing 90 or more tools. Can perform
milling, drilling, tapping, boring… on many faces.

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CNC Face , 3-axis

Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Department

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 Animation with Exploded View

Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.,

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 Creating Solid Models
Parametric Modeling Concept
• Parametric is a term used to describe a
dimension’s ability to change the shape of model
geometry if the dimension value is modified.
• Feature-based is a term used to describe the
various components of a model. A part can
consist of various types of features such as holes,
grooves, fillets, and chamfers.

• Parametric models are featured-based, solid

modeling design programs:
SolidWorks, Creo (PTC), Inventor by Autodesk
Unigraphics, Catia, …..
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 Design Intent

• In parametric modeling, dimensions

control the model.
• Design intent is how your model
will react when dimension values
are changed.

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 Design Intent Line not
dimensioned
The drawing shows the intent of the
designer that the inclined plane 2.50
(chamfer) should have a flat area
2.50
measuring 2.5 inches and that it should
start at a point 1.25 inches from the 1.25

base of the drawing. These parameters 4.00

are what the designer deemed
significant for this model.

Remember that the placement of dimensions is very

important because they are being used to drive the shape
of the geometry. If the 2.5 in. vertical dimension
increases, the 2.5 in. flat across the chamfer will be
maintained, but its angle will change.
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 Design Intent
Line not
dimensioned
In this drawing, what is important 2.125

to the designer is the vertical

location and horizontal dimension 2.50
of the chamfer, rather than the flat 1.25
of the chamfer.
4.00

1.75

In the last drawing, the designer calls

30.0O
for a specific angle for the chamfer. In 2.50 Line not
this case the angle of the chamfer dimensioned

should be dimensioned.
4.00

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 Design Intent

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 Parametric Modeling
The true power of parametric modeling shines through when
design changes need to be made. The design modification is
made by simply changing a dimension.
Pattern: 8 Holes  30

10

60

 15

Since the counterbore is associated with the top surface of the

ring, any changes in the thickness of the ring would automatically
be reflected on the counterbore depth.
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 Sketching and Features
When discussing the mind-set needed for working with
parametric modelers, two topics need to be expanded:
Sketching and Features
Sketching
• Take the word sketch literally. A sketch should be just
that, a sketch.
• When sketching it is not necessary to create geometry
with accuracy. Lines, arcs, and additional geometry
need not be created with exact dimensions in mind.
• When the dimensions are added, the sketch will
change size and shape. This is the essence of
Parametric Modeling.
In short, the sketch need only be the approximate size and shape
of the part being designed. When dimensions are added, they
will drive the size and the shape of the geometry.
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 Sketching and Features
Features

 Create a 2D sketch and dimension it

 Create a feature from the sketch by
extruding, revolving, sweeping, and lofting.
2.75

1.0 2.5

.75

.25

Extruded feature Revolved feature

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 Creating Solids - Sweep
A Sweep feature requires a profile and a path. The profile will
follow the path to create the solid.

Profile (section)
Path (guide)

Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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 Creating Solids – Loft (different profiles)

Round Square
profile profile
Round profile

• Sections (profiles) do
not have to be sketched
on parallel planes
• All sections must be
either closed or open
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 Creating Features from Sketches

Loft in
SolidWorks

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 Applied Feature
Applied feature does not require a sketch.
 It is applied directly to the model.
Fillets and chamfers are very common
applied features.
Chamfer

Fillet

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 Applied Features
Shell – hollowing out a solid

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 Applied Features - Patterns
Linear (rectangular) pattern

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 Applied Features - Patterns
Linear (rectangular) pattern
1. Select direction 1 and 2 3. Select # of features in dir. 1 and 2
2. Select spacing in dir. 1 and 2 4. Select feature to pattern

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 Applied Features - Patterns
Circular (polar) pattern
1. Select axis of rotation 3. Select # of features
2. Select spacing between features 4. Select feature to pattern

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