LONG SPAN STRUCTURES

LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Lattice truss construction consists of a frame of

lattice steel trusses on columns covered by profiled
steel or corrugated asbestos cement sheets
• The lattice truss is fabricated from mild steel sections
bolted, riveted or welded together
• The depth of the roof at mid span gives the truss the
necessary strength to support the dead and imposed
loads
• For maximum structural stability the pitch should not
be less than 17 deg.
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
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LATTICE GIRDER
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Steel columns are spaced from 3.0m to 5.0m

apart

• Purlins are used to fix the roofing sheets

while cladding purlins are used to support
vertical sheet cladding
• Roofing materials: a) Profile M.S. sheets or
G.I. Sheets b) Asbestos cement sheets c)
Precoated steel sheets
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Need for unobstructed covered space. Need

created due to industrialization, mass scale
production of goods and assembly line
method of manufacturing
• Use of trusses
• Initially timber- limitations
• Later invention of:
• Hot rolled steel sections- 1873
• Corrugated iron sheets- 1880
• Corrugated asbestos cement sheets-1910
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• These led to the use of steel trusses

• Advantages:
a) Simple construction
b) Economical
c) Easy to handle
• Natural lighting provided through windows
on the side walls
• Introduction of north light or saw tooth roof
profile
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Disadvantage of single bay

symmetrical roof
• As span increases volume increases
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• For multi-bay and flat roof volume

above tie beam is reduced
• Introduction of flat roofs
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Umbrella or cantilevered roof used for

reducing intermediate columns
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Plastic theory of design by Prof. Baker

led to the design of Rigid steel portal
frames
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Rigid steel portal frames

a) Slender design
b) Frame free of lattice members
c) Economical
d) Shallow pitch
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Materials used:
A) Steel
Characteristics:
a) Good compressive and tensile strength
b) Favorable strength to weight ratio
c) Can be fabricated from smaller sections
easily
d) Has to be protected by painting or coating
from rusting
e) Prone to damage by fire
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Materials used:
B) RCC
Characteristics:
a) Bulkier than steel
b) Steel encased in concrete gives protection
from corrosion and fire
c) Requires form work for casting
d) Advantageous if used as precast and
prestressed members
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

North light truss roof

Characteristics:
• Provides diffuse light through out on the
shop floor
• Due to use of ‘N’ girders and north light
trusses at right angles clear unobstructed
space is obtained
• Number of valley gutters created. May
cause leakage problems if not properly
designed and constructed
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

North light truss roof

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NORTH LIGHT TRUSS
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NORTH LIGHT TRUSS
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NORTH LIGHT TRUSS
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NORTH LIGHT TRUSS
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• For the sake of economy one standard

section is used in fabricating lattice
truss
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Cap and base of steel column support

for lattice steel truss
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Cap and base of steel column support

for lattice steel truss
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

• Lattice trusses can be fabricated from

tubular steel sections round pipes or
rectangular or square hollow sections
(RHS/SHS)
• Characteristics:
a)Greater structural efficiency
b) Clean and neat lines
c) Slightly costlier than angle sections
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
Tubular steel sections
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
Provision of wind bracing:
• For lateral stability from horizontal
forces Caused due to wind pressure
wind bracing has to be provided for
lattice trusses
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
Purlins and sheet rails depends on the
type of roofing and cladding material
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
Purlins and sheet rails
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
Lattice beam roof construction
And castellated beam
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
Lattice beam roof construction
And castellated beam
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LATTICE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
Lattice beam roof construction
And castellated beam
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Portal frame
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PRECOATED SHEETS
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