PRE-CAST AND PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE

Submitted by – Ashutosh Kamal Arya

Submitted to – Ar Aditi kapoor Enrollment No. – 040115017
Batch – 2015-20
Semester – VI
Subject – Construction Materials
 P RECAST C ONCRETE F RAMING S YSTE

Pla nt-C a st Prec a st C o ncrete

• C oncrete elements, c ast and cured in a manufa cturing
plant, then transported to the construction site.
• Plant casting allows increased efficiency and higher quality
control.
• Durable, permanent steel forms are reused many times,
reduc ing formwork c osts compared to siteca st conc rete.
• Use of Type III, high early strength cement and steam curing
allow concrete members to be cast and cured in as little as
24 hours.
• Controlled casting conditions and high quality forms allow for
greater c ontrol of surfa ce finishes.
 P RECAST C ONCRETE F RAMING S YSTE

Plant-C ast Precast Concrete

• Struc tural elements
are commonly
reinforced with tightly
stretched
pretensioned steel
strands, which
provide increased
struc tural effic ienc y.
• Conventional steel
reinforcing is added
for resistance to
thermal and other
secondary stresses.
 P RECAST C ONCRETE F RAMING S YSTE

Plant-C ast Precast Concrete

• On the c onstruc tion site,
precast concrete
elements are lifted into
place and assembled
into struc tural assemblies
in a process similar to
that used for struc tural
steel.
• Compared to sitecast
concrete, precast
concrete erection is
faster and less affected
by adverse weather
conditions. A vacuum lifting device is used to lift and place precast
concrete pranks.
P RECAST C ONCRETE F RAMING S YSTEMS

PREC AST,
PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LEM

Precast Concrete Slabs

• Used for floor and roof decks.
• Deeper elements (toward the
right below) span further than
those that are shallower (toward
the left).
• Right: Hollow c ore slabs stac ked
at the precasting plant.
P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LEM

Precast C oncrete Beams and Girders

• Provide support for slabs.
• The projecting reinforcing bars will bond with concrete
cast on site.
• Right: Inverted tee beams supported by precast
columns.
P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LEM

Precast Concrete
C olumns and Wall
Panels
• Provide support for
beam and slab
elements.
• Sinc e these elements
c arry mainly axial
loads with little
bending force, they
may be
c onventionally
reinforc ed without
prestressing.
• Or, long, slender
multistory elements
may be prestressed
to provide resistance
to bending forces
during handling and
erec tion (columns at
right).
P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LEM

and Wall Panels Precast Concrete Columns

• Prec ast c oncrete wall
panels may be solid (right),
hollow, or sandwic hed
(with an insulating c ore).
• Wall panels c an be ribbed,
to inc rease their vertic al
span c apac ity while
minimizing weight, or
formed into other spec ial
shapes (below).
 P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LEM

Other Prec a st C oncrete Elements

• Precast concrete stairs (below)
• Uniquely shaped structural elements for a sports
stadium (right)

Etc.
 P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LEM

Assembly Concepts for

Precast Concrete Buildings
• Vertic al support c an be
provided by precast
c olumns and beams
(above), wall panels
(below), or a
c ombination of all three.
• The c hoice of roof and
floor slab elements
depends mainly on span
requirements.
• Precast slab elements
are frequently also used
with other vertic al
loadbearing systems
suc h as sitec ast
concrete, reinforced
masonry, or steel.
P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LEM

Assembly C onc epts for

Precast Concrete
Buildings
• Above: Precast
concrete structure
c onsisting of solid wall
panels and hollow
core slabs.
• Below: A single story
warehouse c onsisting
of double tees
supported by
insulated sandwic h
wall panels.
P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LEM

Assembly Concepts
for Precast
C oncrete Buildings
• A parking garage
structure
c onsisting of
precast double
tees supported
by inverted tee
beams on
haunched
columns.
15 P RECAST C ONCRETE F RAMING S YSTEMS

M ANUFACTURING OF
PREC AST C ONCRETE
STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
 M ANUFACTURING OF P RECAST C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LE

C asting Hollow C ore

Planks
• Precast elements are
manufac tured in c asting
beds, 800 ft or more in
length.
• High-strength steel strands
are strung the length of
the bed and tensioned.
• Conventional reinforcing,
weld plates, blockouts,
lifting loops, and other
embedded items are Untensioned prestressing strands can be seen in the
added as needed. left-most c asting bed. In the bed sec ond from the
right, low-slump concrete for hollow core slabs is
• C onc rete is plac ed. being formed over tensioned strands using an
extrusion process. A completed hollow core casting
is visible at the far right.
 M ANUFACTURING OF P RECAST C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LE

Prestressing and
Reinforcing Steel

• Many precast elements

c ontain both prestressing
strands and conventional
reinforcing.
• Right: The prestressing strands
for an AASHTO girder are
depressed into a shallow v-
shape to most efficiently resist
tensile forces in the beam.
Shear stirrups are formed from
conventional steel reinforcing.
 M ANUFACTURING OF P RECAST C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LE

C asting Hollow C ore

Planks
• Onc e the c onc rete has
c ured to sufficient strength,
the c astings are c ut into
sec tions of desired length
(above).
• In some c ases, transverse
bulkheads are inserted to
divide the c asting bed into
sec tions before c onc rete is
plac ed. In this c ase, only the
prestressing strands need to
be cut to separate the
sec tions (below).
M ANUFACTURING OF P RECAST C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LE

C asting Hollow C ore

Planks
• Individual sections
are lifted from the
casting bed (right)
and stockpiled to
await shipping to
the c onstruc tion site.
M ANUFACTURING OF P RECAST C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LE

C asting Hollow C ore

Planks
• Precast concrete
elements are
shipped to the
c onstruc tion site by
truc k and erected
on site by c rane.
M ANUFACTURING OF P RECAST C ONCRETE S TRUCTURAL E LE

C asting Hollow
Core Planks
• Sample hollow
core slab
sec tions of
varying
depths.
• At bottom left,
note the
insulated
sandwic h floor
panel.
P RECAST C ONCRETE F RAMING S YSTEMS

JOINING PREC AST

C ONCRETE
ELMENTS
 J OINING P RECAST C ONCRETE E LEMEN

Example Column-to-Column Connection

• Metal bearing plates and embedded anchor bolts are cast into
the ends of the c olumns.
• After the columns are mechanically joined, the connection is
grouted to provide full bearing between elements and protect
the metal components from fire and corrosion.
J OINING P RECAST C ONCRETE E LEMEN

Example Beam-
to-Column
Connection
• Beams are set
on bearing
pads on the
column
corbels.
• Steel angles
are welded to
metal plates
c ast into the
beams and
c olumns and
the joint is
grouted solid.
 J OINING P RECAST C ONCRETE E LEMEN

Example Slab-to- Beam Connection

• Hollow c ore
slabs are set on
bearing pads on
precast beams.
• Steel reinforcing
bars are in
inserted into the
slab keyways to
span the joint.
• The joint is
grouted solid.
• The slab may
remain
untopped as
shown, or
topped with
several inc hes of
c ast in plac e
concrete.
 J OINING P RECAST C ONCRETE E LEMEN

Sitecast Concrete Toppings over Precast

Slabs

• G rea ter floor strength

and stiffness
• Greater fire
resistance
• Greater ac oustic
isolation
• Allow easy integration
of electrical services
into floor system
• Create a smoother,
flatter floor
thank you !