CSE211

Computer Organization and

Design

Lecture : 3 Tutorial: 1 Practical: 0 Credit: 4

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Subject Evaluation Procedure

5 Marks : Attendance

20 Marks : Best 2 test out of 3

25 Marks : Mid Term

50 Marks : End Term

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Unit 1 : Basics of Digital Electronics

Introduction
Logic Gates
Flip Flops
Decoder
Encoder
Multiplexers
Demultiplexer

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The major applications of flip-flops are:
Data Storage : A flip flop stores one bit at a time in digital circuit. To store more
data one can use flip flops in series/parallel called registers. For eg. a 4-bit
register would consists of 4 flip-flops each storing one bit. Usage: All the digital
circuits need to store the data however large or small. So they need flip-flops.
Data Transfer : Flip-flops can be used to transfer data. For this purpose shift
registers are used. The data is transferred or shifted when the clock pulse is
applied.
Usage: Addition, Multiplication, Division or subtraction all eventually mean
shifting of the bits.
Counter : Flip-flops can be used to count pulses or events. A counter can count
up-to pow(2,n) where n is the number of flip-flops connected.
Usage : To count the number of events, triggers and pulses and clock cycles.

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Integrated Circuits

An IC is a small silicon semiconductors crystal called chip containing the

electronic components for digital gates.
- Various gates are interconnected inside chip to form required circuit.
- Chip is mounted in ceramic/plastic container connected to external pin

Small scale Integration (SSI) : less than 10 gates

Medium Scale Integration(MSI) : between 10 to 200 gates

(decoders, adders, registers)

Large Scale Integration(LSI) : between 200 and few thousands gates

( Processors, Memory Chips)

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) : Thousands of gate within

single package ( Large Memory Arrays, Complex Microcomputer Chips)

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