REVIEW OF

BACTERIOLOGY
BY: Paul Aeron E. Bansil, RMT
TOPICS
▪ Bacteria ▪ Gram Negative Bacilli
▪ Gram Positive Cocci ▪ Gram Positive Bacilli
▪ Gram Negative Cocci ▪ Acid Fast Bacilli
▪ Enterobacteriaceae ▪ Misc. Bacteria
▪ Non Enteric
Gastrointestinal
Pathogens
BACTERIA
 BACTERIA
PROKARYOTE?
EUKARYOTE?
 PROKARYOTES

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 PROKARYOTES VS
EUKARYOTES
PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE

Cell Size Smaller Larger

Nucleus Absent Present

Membrane-Bound Absent Present

Organelles
Cytoskeleton Absent Present

Cell Wall Present Absent

Cell Division Asexual Sexual and Asexual

Examples Bacteria Fungi, Protozoans

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 “
How do
bacteria
reproduce?
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 Microbial
Nutrition and
Growth

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 According to Oxygen
Requirement
▪ Aerobes ▪ Anaerobes ▪ Microaerophile
- Requires Oxygen ▪ Obligate - Less 2-10%
(15-21%) Anaerobes oxygen
▪ Facultative
Anaerobes
▪ Aerotolerant
Anaerobes

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 According to Carbon Dioxide
▪ Capnophiles – Require 5-10% CO2

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 Halophilic
▪ Increased in salt concentration

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 Staining
Procedure

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 Staining Procedure
▪ Simple Staining
▪ Differential Staining
▪ Diagnostic Antibody Staining
▪ Negative Staining

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 GRAM STAINING
▪ Primary Stain: Crystal Violet
▪ Mordant: Iodine
▪ Decolorizer: Alcohol or Acetone
▪ Counterstain: Safranin

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 GRAM STAINING

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 Acid Fast Staining
▪ Ziehl-Neelsen Staining
▪ Kinyoun’s Staining

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 Acid Fast Staining
REAGENTS ZIEHL-NEELSEN KINYOUN

Primary Stain Carbol Fushcin Carbol Fushcin

Mordant Heat Tergitol

Decolorizer 3% Acid Alcohol or 3% Acid Alcohol

HCl
Counterstain Methylene Blue Malachite Green

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 Acid Fast Staining
REAGENT AFB ORGANISM NON AFB
ORGANISM
Primary Staining Red Red

Mordant Red Red

Decolorizer Red Colorless

Secondary Staining Red Green/Blue

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