PRESENTED BY: JYOTI

1st MSc(N)
DISASTER:
 Any occurrence that causes damage ecological
disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of
health & health services on a scale sufficient to cause
an extra ordinary response outside affected
community or area.
-WHO
 A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously
disrupts the functioning of a community or society &
causes human material & economic or environmental
losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability
to cope using its own resources. Though often cause by
nature ,disaster can have human origin
-IFRC
DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
Contd…
 Disaster management is the body of policy,
administrative decisions & operational activities
required to prepare for, mitigate, respond to & repair
the effect of natural or man-made disaster.
-National institute of health ,U.S
PFA(PSYCOLOGICAL FIRST AID):
 PFA is an evidenced informed modular approach.
 It is designed to reduce the initial distress
 Principles of PFA:
 Consistent with research evidence
 Applicable & practical
 Appropriate for developmental level
 Culturally informed
Contd…
 It is designed for delivery by mental health & other disaster
response worker who provide assistance to affected people.
 PFA involves the following:
 providing practical care and support, which does not intrude;
 assessing needs and concerns;
 helping people to address basic needs (for example, food and water,
information)
 listening to people, but not pressuring them to talk
 comforting people and helping them to feel calm
 helping people connect to information, services and social supports
 protecting people from further harm.
Psychological First Aid Core
Actions:
 Contact & engagement
 Safety & Comfort
 Stabilization
 Information gathering : Current needs & concern
 Practical assistance
 Connection with social support
 Information on coping
 Linkage with collaborative services
CLUSTER APPROACH IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT:
 Clusters are groups of humanitarian organizations,
both UN and non-UN
 Instituted in 2006
 Part of the UN Humanitarian Reform process
 An important step on the road to more effective
humanitarian coordination.
 The cluster approach aims to improve the
predictability, timeliness, and effectiveness of
humanitarian response, and pave the way for recovery.
Contd…
 Enhance partnerships and complementarities among
the UN, Red Cross Movement, and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs).
 It was applied for the first time following the 2005
earthquake in Pakistan.
Disaster (Financial support):
 Financial assistance to meet the rescue and relief expenditure
during any notified disaster event is governed by notified
guidelines on State Disaster Response Fund(SDRF)
and National Disaster Response Fund(NDRF).

 These funds have been created under the legal frame work of
48 and section 46 of Disaster Management Act, 2005
respectively.

 National Calamity in Disaster Management Act, 2005. As per

the DM Act 2005 and 14th Finance Commission (FC)
recommendations, any notified calamity of a severe
nature will qualify for assistance from NDRF.
Contd…
 NDRF is maintained by Government of India in the Public
Account.
 Thirteenth Finance Commission (FC-XIII) had
recommended differential State shares, with general category
States contributing 25 per cent and special category States
contributing 10 per cent, and the balance being contributed
by the Union Government as grants-in-aid.
Disaster Surveillance:
 Disaster surveillance is a tool in disaster
epidemiology that
 Provides ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and
interpretation of injuries, illnesses, and deaths for use in
planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health
practice.

 Enables public health to track and identify morbidity and

mortality linked to an event.

 Provides insight into future disasters.

Purposes:
 Define and detect outbreaks and health problems early.

 Determine when, where, and how injuries, illnesses, and

deaths occur

 Prepare for and prevent ongoing adverse health effects;

 Estimate the magnitude of a health problem

 Identify at-risk groups or geographic areas

Contd..
 Demonstrate the need for public health intervention
or resources.
 Inform and monitor the effectiveness of response and
relief efforts.
 Assist with planning for future disasters and
recommend ways to decrease the consequences of
future disasters.
Types :
 Active

 Passive

 Sentinel

 Syndromic
Disaster relief camps:
 Disaster Management Act (Section 12) mandates National
Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to recommend
Guidelines for minimum standards of relief to be provided
to persons affected by disaster which shall include:

 The minimum requirements to be provided in the relief camps in

relation to shelter,food, drinking water, medical cover, sanitation
 Special provisions to be made for widows and orphans
 Ex-gratia assistance on account of loss of life as also assistance on
account of damage to houses and for restoration of means of
livelihood
 Such other relief as may be necessary
Contd…
 The basic guidelines recommended by NDMA from
the day one of the disaster are:
 First three days – Basic norms to the possible
extent may be followed.
 4 to 10 days – Efforts should be made to follow
most of the norms recommended by NDMA in
this Guideline.
 11 days and above – NDMA's prescribed norms
shall be followed.
NDMA Relief Camps Guidelines:
 Pre-identify locations for camps.
 3.5 Sq.m. of covered area per person with basic lighting
facilities shall be catered to accommodate the victims.
 Temporary in nature and be closed as soon as normalcy
returns in the area.
 It shall be ensured that men and women are supplied food
with minimum calorie of 2,400 Kcal per day. In respect of
children / infants, the food to be supplied would be 1,700
Kcal per day.
 The minimum supply of 3 liters per person, per day of
drinking water .
 1 toilet for 30 persons
Contd…
 15 liters of water per person needs to be arranged for toilets /
bathing purposes.
 Financial compensation and other government assistance
need to be arranged within 45 days of the disaster to the
widow and to the orphaned children.
 Mobile medical teams shall visit relief camps to attend the
affected people. Steps shall be taken to avoid spread of
communicable diseases.
DISASTER NURSING:
 It is define as adaptation of professional nursing skills
in recognizing & meeting the nursing care , health &
emotional needs .
-Veerbhadra
GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING:
 Meet immediate basic survival needs .
 Identify potential for secondary disaster.
 Appraise both risks & resources in the environment.
 Ensure equalities in health care services
 Empower survivor to participate
 Respect cultural , lingual & religious diversities
 Promote highest achievable QOL
Principles of Disaster Nursing:

 Rapid assessment
 Triaging
 Minimize casualties
 Use selected essential nursing intervention
 Prevent further casualties
 Evaluation of environment & mitigation
 First aid
 Evacuate
 Teaching, supervision & utilization of auxiliary
medical personnel
FUNCTION OF GOVERNMENT
HEALTH CARE OFFICIALS:
District Health Officer:
 The DHO / AHO would be based in the ECR and assist the district
administration in ensuring prompt health care to all affected
people through their network in affected areas.
 Main Functions
 On receiving the information about the emergency DHO will
mobilize all the available Medical & Paramedical Staff for
handling emergency.
 Alert all government & private Hospitals to meet any emergency
and line of treatment to be followed.
 Alert blood banks to maximize their stock.
 Keep in touch with the district Emergency Control Centre and
Deputy Commissioner and appraise him of the situation and
advice him on additional help required from outside agencies.
ROLE OF GRAM PANCHAYT:
Role of ASHA & Anganwadi worker:
 Help in mobilizing the community resources.
 Creating a all women first aid team.
 As she is a care taker of vulnerable group of population
supporting them in disaster .
 Taking care of nutrition of victims and children for fast
recovery.
 Collaborating with community leaders, communinty &
other health care professional .
 To report if there is any secondary disaster risk .