Cylinder Deactivation

Ashish Patwal
 Content
• Introduction
• Cylinder deactivation mechanism
• Methods used for cyllinder deactivation
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Key players using cylinder deactivation
• Future trends
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
 Introduction

• Reducing fuel consumption

• Cutting emission of green house gases
• Reduce pumping losses
• Cylinders are shutdown during light load
• 8-25% reduction in fuel consumption
Introduction
 Cylinder deactivation mechanism

• Coolant temperature, vehicle speed, engine

load parameters.
• Disable inlet/exhaust valves, spark plug, fuel.
• Disable after power stroke to have a gas
spring.
• Lifter Oil Manifold Assembly, solenoid control
valves.
 Methods used for cylinder
deactivation

• Lifter Pin Control Mechanism (General Motors

• Variable Profile Cam shaft (Lotus Automotive
System)
• Active Valve Train Technology
 Lifter Pin Control Mechanism

Components:
• Electronic Control Module
• Solenoid valves
• Hydraulic subsytem
• Lifter locking pin mechanism
 Electronic Control Module
• Measuring multiple instantaneous events
• Control solenoid valve of the lifter pin
mechanism
• Dynamic response for coordinating the
deactivation hardware with other engine
control functions.
• Dynamic response:solenoid plunger, hydraulic
subsytem, lifter locking pin
Solenoid Valve operation
 Solenoid valve operation

• Control cylinder deactivation

• Common port of the solenoid control valve
connected to the locking pins inside the valve
lifter
• Common port
Engine oil pressure: deactivation
Engine sump: activation
 Locking Pin Mechanism
• Lost motion: engine oil pressure is applied
spring based locking pins inside the lifter
• Deactivation is done on the camshaft of the
base circle.
• Transition from v8 to v4 mode in one cycle.
 Methods used in LPCM

• Cylinder bank control

• Individual cylinder control
Control type: control algo in ecm
Cylinder deactivation: engine firing order
even firing order
Cylinder mode: 2 cylinder deactivate at same
time
 Bank mode

• Both cylinder from each bank switched same

time.
• Two control valves required
• Used in v engines, Boxer engines.
• Switching window is half of the invidual
cylinder mode.
 Advantages

• Increased fuel efficiency (10-20%)

• Decreased emissions from deactivated

cylinders

• Better breathing capability of the engine,

thereby reducing power consumed in suction
stroke.
 Disadvantages

• Engine balancing.
• Increased cost of manufacturing
• Overall increase in weight
 Key Players

• GENERAL MOTORS: uses displacement on demand system which is said to save fuel by 20%
• HONDA: Is conducting research to incorporate cylinder deactivation with its patented VTECH
engine
• PORSHE and SUBARU: Uses lotus designed various cam plus which works almost similar to V-tech
engine
• Mercedes-Benz: optional on certain European market V-8s since 1998; U.S. market V-12 mileage
improved by a claimed 20 percent in 2001 and 2002 model years. Technology retired (in U.S.) with
2003 arrival of turbocharged V-12 engines.
• INA: German bearing and valve train specialist supplies switching lifters for DC’s 5.7L Hemi V-8 and
GM’s 3.9L V-6.
• Eaton Automotive: supplies a portion of the LOMAs and switching lifters for GM’s 5.3L V-8. Also
developing valve deactivation systems for light- and heavy-duty European diesel engines.
• Siemens-VDO Automotive: exploring cylinder deactivation for possible future use. Delphi
Automotive: supplies a portion of the LOMAs and switching lifters for GM’s 5.3L V-8.
• Ford Motor Company: has investigated cylinder deactivation but no applications planned for near
future.
• Nissan and Toyota: no near-term plans to implement cylinder deactivation.
 Future Trends

• Research is under progress for a new technology

named as Active Valve Train Technology, which
uses valve controls with high speed hydraulic
actuators there by eliminating the use of Cam
shaft.
• Also a new technology called controlled auto
ignition (CAI) which replaces the conventional
spark plugs and fires at carefully timed moment
to set the compressed charge of fuel alight.
 Conclusion

• The yell for a pollution free environment can

be seen even now with developed countries
the number of norms like EUROIII is there in
the present world itself and the number of
vehicles is increasing even under developed
countries are planning to impose such norms
Future world demands automobile which burn
less fuel .Cylinder deactivation seems to be a
good answer to this problem.
 Bibliography

• Automotive Industries Ltd

• www.wikipedia.com

• Research paper published by Quant Zheng ,

Delphi Motors

• Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) Technical

papers