San Carlos University of Guatemala a

Faculty of Engineering
School of Sciences

Technical English 3

Section: _________N______________

Date: _____31/10/2022_____________

Name of the assignment:

Task 13: Engines and motors

ID Number Name
202100488 DENIS DAVID CHOPOX TELEGUARIO
201809579 JENIFER NICOLE CATALAN BARILLAS
202106644 Diego Andres Donis Rivas
Practice your vocabulary: https://es.liveworksheets.com/zm876352li
Make the exercise on line and download the result or just take a screenshot of the result and include it at the
end of your worksheet.

PART A:
 1. Define
a. Engine: Is a machine for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy or power to
produce force and motion.

b. Motor: It imparts motion, as a steam engine, that receives and modifies energy from some
natural source in order to utilize it in driving machinery.

Complete the table: DIFFERENCE BETWEEEN ENGINES AND MOTORS (Read page 65 of the booklet)

ENGINE
Refers to petrol engines, diesel engines and jet
engines
Compressors and turbines rotate to generate thrust
pushing force
Its torque is measured in Newtons/meter
Engine power is measured in watts
The power of a vehicle engines is often given in
brake horsepower
If you put a tiny amount of high-energy fuel in a
small space and ignite it, an incredible amount of
energy is released in the form of expanding gas.
The motion that comes out of an internal
combustion engine is rotational
You could have problems with poor fuel mixture,
lack of compression or lack of spark.
The core of the engine is the cylinder
MOTOR
Usually means electric motor
Operate through the interaction of magnetic fields
and current-carrying conductors to generate force.
They may be powered by direct current, a battery
powered portable device or motor vehicle.
In an electric motor, the moving part is called the
rotor and the stationary part is called the stator.
Usually an induction motor, whose speed slows wit
increasing torque to slightly less than synchronous
speed
A DC motor is powered by direct current and an AC
is supplied with alternating current.
DC motors were used to run machinery, AC has
two types of motors depending on the type of rotor
used.
Causes fewer problems than engines.
A simple motor has six parts.

PART B:
1. How a car engine Works

The process by which a car works is a lot simpler than you may think. When a driver turns a key in the
ignition:

● The car battery powers up sending

● Power to the starter motor, which
● Turns the crankshaft, which
● Gets the pistons moving
● With the pistons moving the engine fires up and ticks over
● A fan draws air into the engine via an air filter
● The air filter removes dirt and grit from the air
 ● The cleaned air is drawn into a chamber where fuel (petrol or diesel) is added
● This fuel-air mix (a vaporised gas) is stored in the chamber
● The driver presses the accelerator pedal
● The throttle valve is opened
● The gas-air mix passes through an intake manifold and is distributed, through intake valves, into
the cylinders. The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves.
● The distributor makes the spark plugs spark, which ignites the fuel-air mix. The resulting
explosion forces a piston to move down which in turn causes the crankshaft to rotate.

What happens in the cylinders is the magic that gives power and motion to the car wheels. Most car
engines use a four-stroke combustion cycle. This cycle starts with piston at the top of the cylinder.

A) Complete the following sentences

Read the video “How a 4 stroke petrol engine works” and fill in the blanks.

Intake stroke: intake valve opens and the piston moves down allowing the fuel-air mix to enter the open
space.

Compression stroke: the piston moves upwards. This compresses the fuel-air mix by forcing it into a smaller
space. Compression makes the fuel-air mix explode with greater force.

Power cycle: spark from a spark plug ignites the fuel-air mix. The explosion forces the piston down the
cylinder.

Exhaust cycle: the exhaust valve opens and the piston moves back to the top of the cylinder which forces the
exhaust fumes out. The bottom of each piston is attached to the crankshaft.

As the pistons are forced up and down they rotate the crankshaft, which after sending the power through the
transmission, turns wheels. Most cars have at least four cylinders. More powerful cars have more. For example
a V6 has six cylinders and a V8 has eight.
B) Name the different parts on the drawing below (for the valves, say if they are opened or closed) :

Fig. 1 : Inside a cylinder Fig. 2 : Four stroke combustion cycle

 2. What Are Revolutions Per Minute?

The four-stroke cycle repeats itself thousand of times a minute. These repetitions are more commonly known
as Revs.

A rev counter tells you how many thousand times per minute the cycle is repeated

3. What is the difference between a Petrol and Diesel Engine?

In petrol engines fuel is mixed with air and then forced into the cylinders where the fuel-air mix is compressed by
the pistons and ignited by spark plugs. In a diesel engine the air is compressed before the fuel is added to it. When
air is compressed it heats up. This means that when the fuel is added to the compressed air it is very hot and the
fuel-air mix ignites automatically. So there are no spark plugs in a diesel engine as pressure is used to ignite the
fuel-air mix..

Complete the 4 stroke Diesel Engine :

Intake stroke: intake valve opens and the piston moves down allowing the fuel-air mix to enter the open space.

Compression stroke: the piston moves upwards. This compresses the fuel-air mix by forcing it into a smaller
space. Compression makes the fuel-air mix explode with greater force.

Power cycle: spark from a spark plug ignites the fuel-air mix. The explosion forces the piston down the cylinder.

Exhaust cycle: the exhaust valve opens and the piston moves back to the top of the cylinder which forces the
exhaust fumes out. The bottom of each piston is attached to the crankshaft.
4. Complete the table below :

Advantages Disadvantag
es

● Gas engines are typically more
powerful, by way of horsepower,
than diesels.
● Furthermore, petrol engines have a
better ratio of price to power and
burns fuel more eco-friendly than
diesel does.
Petrol ● Petrol is usually cheaper than
engine diesel fuel.
● The downside for the petrol engine
is that, typically, its lifespan is almost
always shorter than that of the
diesel.
● This basically relates to the fact that
diesel engines will usually have a
higher residual (resale) value.
● Equally, if not more, important is the
fact that gas engines get less miles-
per-gallon (sometimes significantly)
than their diesel counterparts.

●
● Diesel engines offer better resale
values.
● Diesel engines have much better
fuel economy.
● Diesel engines are generally more
reliable than petrol engines.Diesels
often have much more torque than
petrol.
● Much more suitable for things like
Diesel heavy-towing, industrial
engine applications, and driving long
distances more frequently.
● Diesel-powered autos are generally
more expensive.
● Diesel does not burn as clean as
petrol, and it is "filthier" in a loose
meaning of the word.
● Diesels almost always have less
horsepower than similar gas
engines.
● Most car models are gas-powered,
at least until diesel becomes more
environmentally friendly.
● Diesel can be harder to find in
differentregions according to
availability.
● Diesel engines, especially older
ones, are noisier than petrol
engines.

Conclusion: We have talked about the difference between petrol (gas) and diesel engines and those differences can be
noticed by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of these engines.

- If you will make less than 20.000 miles/year and most of the time you will be driving that car in a city, probably the best
car for you would be a a car with a gas engine.

- If you will make more than 20.000 miles/year and most of the driving will be on the highway, you should know that a
diesel produces more miles/gallon and this is very important ( or better said economical ), especially if you make more
than > 20.000 miles / year.

As you can see, you need to choose the engine by thinking at how many miles you will make by year and for how long
you will keep the car. At least a couple of years and many miles go for the diesel otherwise you may choose a gas engine.
5. More questions :

Read paragraph 6 and complete the following table :

Functi Component or
on system
Allow a quickly temperature rise of the engine and keep Cooling System
this one in a temperature range of operation
Synchronize the movement of the piston with Timing Belt - component
the movement of the camshaft.
A part sits between the engine block and cylinder head Head Gasket - component
in an internal combustion engine. Allow for expansion
between the engine block and cylinder head
Metering the amount of fuel depending on the amount Fuel injection system
of air and different parameters at a given time cycle
Reduce friction, cool the engine parts, remove impurities Oil system

6. Other Engine Components or systems

Cooling System - car engines produce a lot
of heat. This heat needs to be controlled. To
do this water is pumped through passages
that surround the cylinders and then through
the radiators to cool down.

Oil system - a car engine consists of many

moving parts. Oil lubricates these parts and
allows them to move smoothly. In most car
engines oil is pumped out of the oil pan
through a filter that removes any dirt and
then is squirted under high pressure onto
the bearings and cylinder walls. The oil
then trickles down to the sump where the
process starts over.

Fuel injection system - The fuel

injection system consists of several
different SENSORS located in various locations
all around the car. There are sensors to detect
air pressure, air temperature, throttle angle, air
density, fuel temperature, fuel pressure, oil
pressure, coolant temperature, exhaust
temperature, crank angle, timing, engine rpm,
and speed, to name a few. Every time the car is
started, the ECU (electronic control unit) scans
all of the sensors to determine their
functionality.
The ENGINE CHECK LIGHT comes on during
this function and goes off if all sensors are
OK.