Membrane

Transport
Mechanism
 Cell Membrane- is selectively permeable to ions and organic
molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

2 TYPES OF TRANSPORT:

1. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
2. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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PASSIVE TRANSPORT

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Passive Transport
-is the movement of the molecules from a region
of higher concentration to a region of their lower
concentration.

-no energy is used to make the molecules move.

 “ 3 Types of Passive Transport

1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated Diffusion

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 “
Diffusion

• No energy is used to make the

molecules move

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Passive is divided into 3:
1. Simple diffusion through lipid layer
2. Simple diffusion through protein layer
3. Facilitated or carrier- mediated diffusion

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 Simple diffusion through lipid
bilayer

1. Oxygen- Non polar so diffuses very quickly

2. Carbon Dioxide- Non polar but very small so
diffuses quickly
3. Water- Polar but also very small so diffuses very
quickly
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 Simple diffusion through protein layer

Some channels are continuously open are called Ungated

channels
Some channels are always closed and are called Gated
channels

Gated Channels:

1. Voltage- gated channels

2. Ligand- gated channels
3. mechanically- gated channels

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 Osmosis:
movement of water through a plasma membrane from a region of low solute to
high solute concentration.
Jean- Antoine Nollet, first documented the observation of osmosis in 1748.

2 Types of Osmosis:

1. Endosmosis- movement of water into the

cell.

2. Exosmosis- movement of water out of the

cell.

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Facilitated Diffusion
-water soluble substances having larger molecules are
transported through cell membrane with the help of carrier
protein.

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Filtration
movement of water and solutes from an area of
high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low
hydrostatic pressure.

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Active Transport
is when substances cross the cell membrane against a
concentration gradient, using energy and carriers in the
membrane

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2 types of Active transport:
1. Primary Active transport- utilizes energy in form of ATP to
transport molecules across a membrane.

2. Secondary Active transport- transport of s substance with

ion, by means of a common carrier protein.

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Special types of Active transport:
1. Endocytosis- defined as a transport mechanism by which
the macromolecules enter the cell.

3 types of Endocytosis:

1.Pinocytosis- also called the cell drinking

2.Phagocytosis- also called cell eating
3.Receptor mediated endocytosis- 16
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