The Origin of

Elements
THE BIG BANG MODEL
By: Leslee Anne G. Cortez | Physical Science
Learning Objective:

At the end of this session, the learners

should be able to give evidence for and
explain the formation of light elements in the
Big Bang Theory.
 COSMOLOGY
study of how the universe
began, how it continues to
exist, and how it will end
From Many Beginnings,
Many Stories.

Each pair will be given a copy of story that they

will discuss by themselves. Based on the story,
each pair will explain the origin of the universe.

Do you think there is proof that any of these

stories or cosmologies are true?
 THE BIG BANG MODEL
• Alexander Friedman, George Lemaître
and Edwin Hubble, 1920
• 13.7 BYA, due to a random fluctuation in
an empty void, there was a great
explosion and expansion – “big bang”
 THE BIG BANG TIMELINE
Time 10-35 to 10-33 s 10-6 s 3s

Event Big bang Formation of Formation of

universe basic elements
Time 10 000 years 300 000 years 300 million
years
Event Radiation era Matter Birth of stars
domination and galaxies
THE GOLDILOCKS CONDITIONS

TOO HOT! TOO COLD! JUST RIGHT!

INGREDIENTS + GOLDILOCKS CONDITIONS

NEW COMPLEXITY
 FOUR 1. Singularity
STAGES Explosion
IN THE 2. Inflation
BIG BANG 3. Nucleosynthesis
MODEL 4. Recombination
 The Big Bang model
KEY was NOT an explosion
POINT that carried matter
outward from a point.
#1
 SINGULARITY PICTURE

THE BIG BANG SINGULARITY

 As the temperature of the
universe continues to
KEY
drop, protons and
POINT neutrons undergo fusion
#2 to form heavier atomic
nuclei.
 process of creating
new atomic nuclei
from pre-existing
nucleons

NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
 RECOMBINATION

Electrons attach
HYDROGEN to the nuclei.
RECOMBINATION
MIX AND MATCH
Recombination of Protons
and Neutrons
?+?
?+?
?+?
?+?
 The lightest elements,
KEY Hydrogen, Helium and
Lithium were mostly formed
POINT in the Big Bang and are the
#3 most common elements in the
universe.
What are the 3 pieces
of evidence for the Big
Bang Model?
2. RELATIVE ABUNDANCE
3. COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
Try this out!
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 01

Which of the following represents the modern

scientific theory regarding the origin of the
universe?
a. Genesis
b. The Big Bang
c. Pan Gu and the Egg of the World
d. The Titans and Gods of Olympus
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 02

Which of the following shows the correct

sequence of events after the Big Bang?

a. Inflation—Nucleosynthesis—Explosion—Recombination
b. Nucleosynthesis—Recombination—Inflation—Explosion
c. Explosion—Inflation—Nucleosynthesis—Recombination
d. Explosion—Inflation—Recombination—Nucleosynthesis
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 03

Which of the following occurred first after

the Big Bang?
a. Birth of galaxies
b. Domination of matter
c. Formation of universe
d. Formation of elements
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 04

What Goldilocks condition led to the

formation of first element?
a. Increase in pressure
b. Explosion of singularity
c. Increase in temperature
d. Decrease in temperature
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 05

Which is NOT an evidence supporting the Big

Bang Model?
a. Space expanding in all directions
b. Relative abundance of light elements I the universe
c. Differences in temperature and pressure in the
universe
d. Trace energy left in the universe as a result of
recombination
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 06

Which of the following elements is

created from the Big Bang?

a.Gold c. Oxygen
b.Hydrogen d. Neon
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 07

Which of the following refers to the

production of new atoms from pre-
existing nucleons?

a.Recombination c. Nucleosynthesis
b.Inflation d. Explosion
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 08

Which of the following refers to the

rapid expansion of the universe?

a.Inflation c. Recombination
b.Explosion d. Nucleosynthesis
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 09

Which of the following elements is

NOT synthesized from the Big Bang?

a.Hydrogen c. Lithium
b.Helium d. Carbon
LET’S ANSWER THESE! 10

Which of the following consists of 2

protons and 2 neutrons?

a.Hydrogen c. Lithium
b.Helium d. Beryllium