VoIP PRESENTATION

BY
HÜSEYİN SAVRAN
220702044
OUTLINE

 PSTN an brief history of telephone

PSTN ( Public Switched Telephone Network)

 Known structure of conventional

telephone network.

İstanbul, yeditepe Ankara, METU

PSTN

Call Direction
PSTN history

 Since the telephone was invented

in the late 1800s, telephone
communication has not changed
substantially .
A Change of Perspective

Traditional View
Cable

Data
Broadcast

Telephony
Wireless
A Change of Perspective

Current View
Cable
Data

Broadcast

Telephony
Wireless
A Change of Perspective

Reality
Web

Voice
Video
Data
Email File
Transfer
These Count as Phones?
MOTIVATION
What is VoIP

 IP TELPHONY (VOICE over IP)

 Transmission of voice telephone calls
using internet infrastructure.
Why need to IP Telephony?
 Economic (uses internet, IP routers...)
 Further savings. Because underlying
network infrastructure can be shared.
a single set of equipment, wiring, network
connection enough.

Example: a company with reduced

telephone costs.
Why need to IP Telephony?
Cont.

 Not only voice but also video

is transmitted using similar
concepts.
 Spreads at a fast pace.
For instance there isn’t any
internet cafe which doesn’t have
tiny video cameras over their
monitors.
Why need to IP Telephony?
Cont.

 Independent. Much larger

selection of service providers to
provide voice and video
communication services .

No geographical restriction!
Located virtually anywhere in
the world!
Keep in mind!
 IP Telephony must be backward
compatible with existing PSTN.
 There are several communication
schemes:
 VoIP to VoIP

Broadband Network

VoIP VoIP

Call Direction

IP Protocol
 VoIP to POTS with Internet

İstanbul, yeditepe
Internet/Broadband
New Delhi
PSTN

VoIP
Server/Gateway
India
Call Direction

IP Protocol
 VoIP to POTS without Internet

Server/Gateway
İstanbul, kayışdağı Miami, FL
PSTN

VoIP CO LATA Miami

Call Direction

IP Protocol
Basic Idea Behind VoIP

 Continuously sample audio.

 Convert each sample to digital form.
 Send the resulting digitized stream
accross an IP network in packets.
 Convert the stream back to analog for
playback.
 Before the procedure above, the system
must handle call setup. Phnumber to IP.
Encoding, Transmission, and Playback

 Two groups have introduced standards

for IP telephony
International Telecommunications Union(ITU),
controls telephone standards.
Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF),
controls TCP/IP standards.
 Encoding Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 TransmissionReal-Time Transport
Protocol (RTP)
Note: RTP is not a tranport-layer protocol. It is a
tranfer protocol that operates at Layer 5.
 Each RTP message is encapsulated in
UDP datagram, which is then
encapsulated in an IP datagram for
transmission.
Why UDP instead of TCP?

 Higher overhead of TCP does not

make sense for telephone call.
Because audio must stream! No wait
for missing packets. Play missing
part as silence.
Why UDP instead of TCP?

 UDP Offerrs best-effort delivery. to

handle duplication, delay, out-of-order
delivery, each RTP message contains:
 A sequence number
 A real-time clock value
 What does real-time
clock value do?
• Allows a receiver to construct the
axact temporal sequence of the data.
– İf a packet is missing , the receiver
knows exactly how long to wait before
starting to play the next packet
Signaling Systems and Protocols

 Signaling: The process of establishing and

terminating a call. Includes:
– Mapping a phone number to location
– Finding a route to the called party
– Handling other details such as call forwarding
 Signaling System 7 (SS7) for traditional
telephone system.
 Signaling Protocols

 IETFSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)

 ITUH.323
Aboves must be able to interact with SS7
Internet/Broadband
New Delhi
İstanbul, yeditepe PSTN

VoIP
Server/Gateway
Call Direction India
IP Protocol
 A Basic IP Telephone System

Two basic components interconnected by an IP

internet.
*IP telephone
*Media Gateway Controller
Media Gateway Controller

IP telephone IP telephone
INTERNET
 Media Gateway Controller Media gateway handles
voice

IP telephone

Analog
INTERNET
PSTN telephone

Signaling gateway
handles setup