ME 231

Thermodynamics-I

Lecture 18

Fall 2019
 Energy Balance for Closed System
• The net change (increase or decrease) in the total energy of
the system during a process is equal to the difference between
the total energy entering and the total energy leaving the
system during that process.

The above relation is also known as Energy balance of the system.

2
First law of thermodynamics for Closed System

∆𝑬𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 = 𝐐 − 𝐖

3
First law of thermodynamics for Closed System
∆𝐊𝐄 + ∆𝑷𝑬 + ∆𝑼 = 𝐐 − 𝐖

Differential form of energy balance:

Time rate of energy balance:

4
Problem 4.23
A piston–cylinder device contains 50 kg of water at 250 kPa and

25oC. The cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m2. Heat is now

transferred to the water, causing part of it to evaporate and

expand. When the volume reaches 0.2 m3, the piston reaches a

linear spring whose spring constant is 100 kN/m. More heat is

transferred to the water until the piston rises 20 cm more.

Determine (a) the final pressure and temperature and (b) the work

done during this process. Also, show the process on a P-V diagram.
5
Problem 4.23

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Problem 4.37
Steam at 75 kPa and 8 percent quality is contained in a spring-loaded

piston–cylinder device, as shown in Fig. P4–37, with an initial volume

of 2 m3. Steam is now heated until its volume is 5 m3 and its pressure

is 225 kPa. Determine the heat transferred to and the work produced

by the steam during this process.

7
Related Problems in Ch.4
Examples:
4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6,
Problems:
4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.13, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18,
4.19, 4.20, 4.23, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, 4.28, 4.29, 4.30, 4.31, 4.32, 4.35,
4.37, 4.38, 4.39

Assignment Session#3
16th Oct, 10:00 am
Course Syllabus: Ch.4 (Above-listed problems
only)
Also submit the enlisted solved problems before
the Assignment Session. 8