Turning Center

Programming And Operation

Lesson One:
Machine Configurations

Copyright 2002, CNC Concepts, Inc.

 2
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!
FANUC 10T
O N G P A 7 8 9 RESET

POWER
ON X00.0000 X
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4
1
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2 3
START

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Z00.0000 F
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,

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-
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= CAN
CALC

INPUT

PAGE CURSOR

SHIFT NC/PC

AUX

In key concept #1 we look at the CYCLE

START
FEED
HOLD
MDI JOG ON

machine from a programmer’s viewpoint

AUTO HANDLE OFF
DRY SINGLE MACHINE OPTIONAL BLOCK
ZERO RUN BLOCK LOCK STOP DELETE
EDIT
MODE RETURN OFF ON ORIGIN
100% 25% 50%
X Z
X+ 10% 100% X10
MEMORY X1 X100
Z- Z+ PROTECT X Z

0% 200% 9 10 11
8 12
X- 7
FEEDRATE RAPID 6
JOYSTICK
OVERRIDE OVERRIDE 5
4 0
3
EMERGENCY
STOP ON OFF 2
SPINDLE SLOW FAST 1 TURRET INDEX

100% 100%
0% 130% 0% 130%

OD ID
SPINDLE LOAD AXIS LOAD

X Z
CLAMP
DIRECTION

In key concept #7 we look at the

machine from an operator’s viewpoint

Key concept #1
CHUCK TAILSTOCK

From programmer’s viewpoint Key concept #7

From operator’s viewpoint
 3
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 4
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 5
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 6
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 7
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 8
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 9
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 10
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 11
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 12

Lesson Number One:

Machine Configurations
 13
Lesson One Lesson Plan
 Basic machining practice
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
 14
Lesson One Lesson Plan
 Basic machining practice
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
 15
Lesson One Lesson Plan
 Basic machining practice
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
 16
Lesson One Lesson Plan
 Basic machining practice
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
 17
Lesson One Lesson Plan
 Basic machining practice 1 1
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
 18
Presentation links
Key concept #1 Programmable features
Basic machining practice Turret
Machine configurations Spindle
Universal slant bed Feedrate
Chucker Coolant
Twin spindle horizontal
Sub-spindle
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill / turn
Gang style
Sliding headstock
 19

Basic Machining Practice

The Key To Proper CNC

Machine Usage!

You must understand basic machining

practice as it relates to turning centers
 20
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Like: Rough turning/finish turning
Rough boring/finish boring
Drilling
Tapping
Threading
Grooving/necking
Knurling
 21
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Processing

Processing:
Development of the machining order
by which the workpiece is produced
 22
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Processing
Cutting conditions

You must be able to determine spindle

speed, feedrate, and depth of cut based
upon cutting tool material workpiece
material, and rigidity of setup
 23
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Processing
Cutting conditions
Work-holding setups
You must be able to design safe work-
holding setups
 24
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Processing
Cutting conditions
Work-holding setups
Blueprint reading, dimensioning, etc.
You must understand all aspects of
basic machining practice in order to
write safe, workable CNC programs
 25
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
If you feel
Machining weak in your basic
operations
machining practice skills…
Processing
Cutting conditions
Work-holding setups
See pages 1-1
Blueprint reading, dimensioning, etc.
through 1-37 in the
You muststudent
understand all aspects of
manual!
basic machining practice in order to
write safe, workable CNC programs
 26

Machine Configurations

Turning centers are

available in several styles
 27
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 28
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Front view of machine

Universal style slant bed turning center

Headstock
& Spindle

Universal style slant bed turning center

 Work-holding
Device

Universal style slant bed turning center

 Center Body
Quill

Tailstock
Universal style slant bed turning center
 Turret

Universal style slant bed turning center

 34
That’s why it’s called a “universal” style

A universal slant bed turning

center can perform all types of
turning applications:

Chucker work
Shaft work
Bar work

Universal style slant bed turning center

 - Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 36

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 37

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 38

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 39

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 40

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 41

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 42

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 43

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 44

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 45

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 46

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 47

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 48

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 49

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 50

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 51

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 52

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 53

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 54

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 55

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 56

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 57

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 58

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 59

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 60

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 61

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 62

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 63

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 64

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 65

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 66

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 67

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 68

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 69

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 70

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 71

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 72

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 73

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 74
Z is the length controlling axis

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 +

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 76
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 77
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 78
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 79
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 80
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 81
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 82
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 83
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 84
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 85
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 86
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 87
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 88
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 89
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 90
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 91
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 92
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 93
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 94
X is the diameter controlling axis +

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 +
X is DIAMETER

X Axis
If you want to turn a 3.0 inch diameter…

3.000

-
X3.0
X3.0 will be the commanding word

Universal style slant bed turning center

 96
+
X is DIAMETER

X Axis
Once again:
3.000
X is always the diameter-controlling axis
Z is always the length controlling axis
Also: -
X+: always gets bigger in diameter
Z+: always away from the spindle
X3.0
Though some machine tool builders
reverse the polarity of the X axis
Universal style slant bed turning center
 97
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
Because
Chuckeritslant
is thebed
most popular
turning
Twin spindle
center horizontal
style, examples
 Single
in thisspindle
coursevertical
stress this
 Twin spindle
machinevertical
type
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 98
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 99
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Same basic components, but…

Headstock
Chuck

Turret

NO Tailstock!

Chucker style slant bed turning center

X is still the diameter controlling axis… +

X Axis
…Z is still the length controlling axis

- Z Axis

Z travel is usually quite short

+

-
A chucker-style turning center
cannot perform shaft work!

Chucker style slant bed turning center

 102
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 103
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
View of machine from above

Separator
Spindle 1 Spindle 2

Turret 1 Turret 2

Twin spindle horizontal bed style

 105

Separator
This machine is like having two independent
chucker-style machines in one!
Spindle 1 Spindle 2

Turret 1 Turret 2

Twin spindle horizontal bed style

 - -
Once again:
X is always the diameter-controlling axis
Z is always the length controlling axis
X Axis
- -
And also: X Axis

+
+

X+: always gets bigger in diameter

(regardless of which spindle)

Z Axis
Z Axis

Z+: always away from the spindle

+

+
 107
- -
When it comes to axis movements, a
program can be run in either spindle!
X Axis
- - X Axis

+
+

Z Axis
Z Axis
+

+
 108
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
Some Single spindle
two-spindle vertical
turning centers have
 Twin
opposing spindles – commonly
spindle vertical called
 Mill/turn machines
“sub-spindle” turning centers…
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Sub-spindle 109
turning center
Main spindle Sub-spindle

Main spindle
turret

Sub-spindle
turret
Sub-spindle + 110
turning center Again, X controls diameter,

X Axis
Z controls length

- Z Axis
+
-
-
X Axis
+ Z Axis
-
+
Sub-spindle 111
turning center

This kind of machine can machine both

ends of the same workpiece in one cycle
Half-way through the cycle, the
workpiece is transferred from the
main spindle to the sub-spindle…
Sub-spindle 112
turning center
1) Machine first half
Sub-spindle 113
turning center
2) Sub-spindle extends
Sub-spindle 114
turning center
3) Sub-spindle retracts
Sub-spindle 115
turning center
4) Machine second half in sub-spindle
 116
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
Some Single spindle
two-spindle vertical
turning centers have
 Twin
opposing spindle
spindles – commonly
vertical called
 Mill/turn machines
“sub-spindle” turning centers
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 117
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 118
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 Single Spindle Vertical Style
Front view of machine
Turret

Spindle
 120
Single Spindle Vertical Style

Turret
This kind of turning center is popular
with very large, heavy workpieces…
Spindle weight helps hold the it
The workpiece
in place in the work-holding device!
 +
Single Spindle Vertical Style

Z Axis
Again, X controls diameter,
Z controls length

+
X Axis

-
 122
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 123
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Twin spindle vertical style

Turret 1 Turret 2

Spindle 1 Spindle 2

Separator
 125
Twin spindle vertical style

Turret 1 Turret 2

This machine is like having two single-

Spindleturning
spindle vertical 1 Spindle 2 in one!
centers

Separator
 Same rules for axis

+
+
directions and polarity

Z Axis
Z Axis
- -
+

+
X Axis X Axis

- -
 127
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 128
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 129
Any of the machine types
shown so far could be a
mill/turn machine!

Mill/Turn Machines
 130

Could be a drill, tap,

reamer, end mill, etc.

These machines can rotate

cutting tools (called live tooling)
Mill/Turn Machines
 131
And tool could be
placed along X or Z

These machines can rotate

cutting tools (called live tooling)
Mill/Turn Machines
 132
Additionally, the main
spindle has two “modes”:
 Normal turning mode
 Live tooling mode
The live tooling mode engages
a rotary device. It could be:
Indexer
Full rotary axis
These machines can rotate
cutting tools (called live tooling)
C axis
Mill/Turn Machines
 133
This kind of machine can
perform operations commonly
thought of as machining
center operations…

…completing many
workpieces that would
normally require
secondary operations

Mill/Turn Machines
 134
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 135
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 136
Tooling table

Spindle

Tool holder

Gang type
 137

+
The entire tooling
table moves!

X Axis
Due to X axis, these X-
machines tend to be a
little complicated to
program and operate
Z Axis X+
-
+
Tool change time -
is almost nothing!
Gang type
 138

+
X Axis
Gang type machines tend to be
quite small and are used for
higher production quantities and
commonly have bar feeders
Z Axis

-
+
-
Gang type
 139
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 140
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 +
141
Tool only moves in X axis

X Axis
These machines are also
called Swiss type

Workpiece moves
in Z axis!
+ -
Z Axis
These machines always
- have bar feeders and are
used for small workpieces

Sliding headstock type

 142
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single spindle vertical
 Twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Gang type
 Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 143

Programmable Features

All turning centers have several

important programmable features
 144
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 145
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 146
Turret index: We’ll discuss wear offsets in
key concept number four

Four digit T word…

Wear offset number

T0101
Turret station number &
geometry offset number
We’ll discuss geometry offsets
later in key concept number one
 147
Turret index:

Four digit T word…

Wear offset number

T0101
Turret station number &
geometry offset number

With most turning centers, the turret will simply

take the shortest direction to the commanded
station (bi-directional turrets)
 148
Turret index:

Four digit T word…

Wear offset number

T0101
Turret station number &
M geometry
codes areoffset
Miscellaneous
number functions
With some(also called Machine
machines, functions)
the turret rotation
direction can be specified
Mostwith twofrom
vary M codes
Example: M32 – clockwise
builder to builder
M33 – counter clockwise
 149
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 150
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 151
Spindle activation:

Spindle is programmable in four ways:

1) Speed type
2) Speed
3) Direction
4) Range
 152
Spindle activation: G codes are called
preparatory functions
Spindle is programmable in four ways:
Speed can be specified in
1) Speed type
G97 revolutions per minute
2) Speed (rpm mode)
3) Direction
or
4) Range
Speed can be specified in
surface feet per minute or
G96 meters per minute (depending
upon measurement system)
This is called constant
surface speed mode
 153
Spindle activation: G codes are called
preparatory functions
Spindle is programmable in four ways:
Speed can be specified in
1) Speed type
G97 revolutions per minute
2) Speed (rpm mode)
3) Direction
or
4) Range
Speed can be specified in
surface feet per minute or
G96 meters per minute (depending
upon measurement system)
This is called constant
surface speed mode
 154
Spindle activation:

Spindle is programmable in four ways:

1) Speed type
2) Speed
3) Direction
4) Range
 155
Spindle activation:

Spindle is programmable in four ways:

1) Speed type
2) Speed S word
3) Direction
4) Range Specifies speed in
rpm or sfm

G96 S600 (600 sfm)

G97 S600 (600 rpm)
 156
Spindle activation:

Spindle is programmable in four ways:

1) Speed type
2) Speed
3) Direction
4) Range
 157
Spindle activation:

Spindle is programmable in four ways:

1) Speed type Three M codes are related
2) Speed to spindle activation
3) Direction
M03: On in fwd direction
4) Range
M04: On in rev direction
M05: Off
Use fwd (M03) for right hand tools
Use rev (M04 for left hand tools
 158
Spindle activation:

Examples:
Spindle is programmable in four ways:
G96 S400 M03
Three M codes are related
1) Speed type
(turn spindle on fwdto at 400activation
spindle sfm)
2) Speed
3) Direction G97 S400 M04
M03: On in fwd direction
4) Range
(turn spindle on rev at 400 rpm)
M04: On in rev direction
M05:
M05 Off
(turn spindle off)
Use fwd (M03) for right hand tools
Use rev (M04 for left hand tools
 159
Spindle activation:

Spindle is programmable in four ways:

1) Speed type
2) Speed
3) Direction
4) Range
 160
Spindle activation:

Spindle is programmable in four ways:

1) Speed type
2) Speed
3) Direction
4) Range
 161
Spindle activation:
Most turning centers have
more than one spindle range

Just like the transmission in a car…

… lower ranges offer power, higher
ranges offer speed

You must understand your

machine’s power characteristics!
 162
Spindle activation:
An example (machines vary!)
30
Power (hp)

2,000 5,000
Speed (rpm)
 163
Spindle activation:
An example (machines vary!)
30

A general rule of thumb:

Power (hp)

Rough in the low range

Finish in the high range

2,000 5,000
Speed (rpm)
 164
Spindle activation:

Spindle is programmable in four ways:

1) Speed type M codes select spindle range
2) Speed
M41: Low range
3) Direction
M42: High range
4) Range
Again, M codes vary – You must
check in your machine manual to
find the related M codes
 165
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 166
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 167
Feedrate:
You can specify the feedrate for
cutting motions in one of two ways…
Inches or millimeters
G98 In “per minute” fashion per minute

or
Inches or millimeters
G99 In “per revolution” fashion per revolution

An F word specifies the feedrate

In inch mode:
G99 F0.005 (0.005 inches per revolution)
G98 F15.0 (15.0 inches per minute)
 168
Feedrate:
You can specify the feedrate for
cutting motions in one of two ways…
Inches or millimeters
G98 In “per minute” fashion per minute

or
Inches or millimeters
G99 In “per revolution” fashion per revolution

An F word specifies the feedrate

In inch mode:
G99 F0.005 (0.005 inches per revolution)
G98 F15.0 (15.0 inches per minute)
 169
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 170
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 171
Coolant:

Two more M codes control flood coolant:

M08: Turn flood coolant on

M09: Turn flood coolant off

Coolant is, of course, used to cool and

lubricate the cutting operation
 172
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 173
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turningThese
centers have additional
functions are almost
programmable features…
always handled with M codes
 Jaw open/close
 Tailstock positioning
 Door open/close
 Others?
 174
All turning centers have certain
programmable features…
 Turret index
 Spindle activation
 Feedrate
 Coolant
Some turning centers have additional
programmable features…
Check in your machine’s programming
Jaw open/close
 Tailstock
manual to positioning
see if you have any other
 Door open/close
programmable features!
 Others?
 175
Lesson One Lesson Summary
 Basic machining practice
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
 176
Lesson One Lesson Summary
 Basic machining practice
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
 177
Lesson One Lesson Summary
 Basic machining practice
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
 178
Lesson One Lesson Summary
 Basic machining practice
 Machine configurations
 Universal slant bed
 Chucker slant bed
 Twin spindle horizontal
 Single/twin spindle vertical
 Mill/turn machines
 Programmable functions
179