Gender and Development

SOGI
Linking the sessions
• Schools should uphold
the rights of each and
everyone by being
Structures and
processes gender responsive.

Senior High
School
• Schools should be vessels
to minimize if not totally
Rights of Rights and
eradicate discrimination
learners and responsibilities
stakeholders of teachers
 Rationale for GAD
• 5% GAD Budget,
• COA Audit
Observation Memo
• International :
• Convention for the Elim(AinOaM
tio)n of all
forms of Discrimination Against
Women (CEDAW)
• Millennium Dev. Goals (MDGs) now
Sustainable Dev. Goals (SDGs)
• National :
• PH Constitution
• Women in Dev. Act, Magna Carta of
Women
• MTDP, PPGRD, Women’s EDGE
• Gender equality
• quality, equitable, culture-
based, and complete basic
education
• Inclusive Growth,
• Good Governance
3
• National Development
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER?

Sex is assigned at birth, refers to one’s biological status

as either male or
female, and is associated primarily with physical
attributes such as
chromosomes, hormone prevalence, and external and
internal
anatomy.
GENDER

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles,

behaviors, activities,
and attributes that a given society considers
appropriate for boys and
men or girls and women. These influence the ways that
people act,
interact, and feel about themselves.
 SEXUAL ORIENTATION?
Gender identity and sexual orientation are not the same.

Sexual orientation refers to an individual’s enduring

physical, romantic, and/or emotional
attraction to another person.
 SEXUAL ORIENTATION?
Heterosexual– opposite sex

Homosexual– attracted to same sex

Bisexual– attracted to both men and women

Asexual – lack of sexual attraction to others or the

lack of interest in sex.
Sexual Orientation
Although we can choose whether to act on our feelings,
psychologists do not consider sexual orientation to be a
conscious choice that can be voluntarily changed.

NO FIX POINT OF ATTRACTION AND ORIENTATION, it varies..

 GENDER IDENTITY

Gender identity and sexual orientation are not the same.

Gender identity refers to one’s internal sense of being male,

female, or something else. Transgender people may be straight, lesbian, gay,
bisexual, or asexual,

just as non transgender people can be.

(Paano ko tingnan ang aking sarili?)
 GENDER IDENTITY

QUEER

CIS /Cisgender –term for people whose gender identity matches the sex
that they were assigned at birth.

Transgender---A broad term referring to people whose gender identity or

appearance do not fit the traditional

-- are often ridiculed for acting and dressing like the

opposite sex
FORMS OF TRANSITIONING

Surgical

Social

Natural
GENDER EXPRESSION

A person’s behavior, mannerisms, interests and

appearance that are associated with gender in a
particular cultural context specifically with the
categories of feminity or masculinity.
IS BEING TRANSGENDER
A MENTAL DISORDER?

Having a strong belief that you were meant to be a male

or meant to be a female does not conclude something is
wrong with you.

This should not be considered a disorder.

Desiring to be the opposite gender is not wrong, it is an

aspiration. You have the right to your own body!
WHY DOES IT MATTER?
Because everyone makes choices in different things, but some
things aren’t determined by choice, such
as race, sexual orientation, gender, etc.
Bullying someone because of their race is wrong.
Bullying someone because of their gender is wrong.
Bullying someone because of their sexual orientation is wrong.

Bullying is wrong.
And yet, people everywhere are bullied
constantly for these reasons and more.
This leads to negative self image,
depression, other psychological problems,
and in some cases, death.
WHY DO PEOPLE BULLY?

• Cultural Causes of Bullying In a culture that is

fascinated with winning, power, and violence, some experts
suggest that it is unrealistic to expect that people will not
be influenced to seek power through violence in their
own lives.

• Institutional Causes If the institution at which the

bullying takes place - whether the home, the school, or
the workplace - does not have high standards for the way
people treat each other, then bullying may be more likely
and/or prevalent and have an influence on why people
bully.
WHY DO PEOPLE BULLY?
• Social Issues The fact that one gets more social
recognition for negative behaviors than for positive ones
can also
contribute to reasons why people bully.

• Family Issues Families that are not warm and loving and
in which feelings are not shared are more likely to have
children who bully, either within the family home or in
other locations in which the children meet others.
THE SHORT ANSWER?

The most common reason for bullying is

simply being different.
The human race does not like what it doesn’t
understand or what it doesn’t expect.
When confronted with something “out of the
ordinary” or something they do not understand,
sometimes their first instinct is to attack, either
verbally or physically.
An environment free from
discrimination/violence
provides a greater
guarantee in the
achievement of learning
outcomes
Thank You !