Team:- Royal Mechanizer’s

MALLAREDDY ENGINERRING COLLEGE AND

MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

SUBMITED BY :-
G.Vinod
S.Prashanth
G.Ajay
V.Krishnakanth
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVE
 PARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM
 WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL
 DIFFERENTIAL CASES
 FUNCTION OF DIFFERENTIAL
 DRAWBACK OF STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL
 TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL
INTRODUCTION
 Differential is an essential part of an Four Wheeled
Vehicle.
 A differential allows wheels of a vehicle to rotate
different speeds.
 This is necessary when the vehicle turns.
OBJECTIVE
 To
study the differential and working in a
vehicle.
 To study Gear terminology.
 Desing of whole differential system.
PARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM
 Pinon drive gear:- Transfer
power from drive shaft to ring
gear.
 Ring gear:- It will transfer
power to differential case
assembly.
 Spider gear:- Gear lies at the
heart of differential and special
mention should be made about
its rotation.
 Differential case
assembly:- Hold the gear and
drive the axel.
 Rare drive axel:- Transfer
torque from differential
assembly to drive wheels.
 WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL
 While taking turn the inner and outer wheels have different
turning radius.
 The inner wheel travel less distance.
 From the drive shaft power is transferred to pinion gear first,
since pinon and ring gear are meshed,power flow to the ring
gear.
 As the spider gear is connected with ring gear, power flows to
it.
 Atlast power from spider gear gets transferred to both side
gears.
DIFFERENT CASES
THE VEHICLE MOVES STRAIGHT
 In the case the spider gear rotates along
with the ring gear but does not rotate on
its own axis.
 So the spider gear will push and make the
side gears turn and both will turn at same
speed.
VEHICLE TAKES TURN A RIGHT

 In this along with the rotation of the ring gear it rotates

on its own axis.
 So the spider gear having a combined rotation.
 When the spider gear is spinning as well as rotating
peripheral velocity at left side of the spider gear is the
some of the spinning and the rotational velocity.
 But the right side it is a difference of too since the spin
velocity is in the opposite direction at the slide.
 OTHER FUNCTION OF DIFFERENTIAL

 First is the speed reduction at the pinion ring gear

assembly. Since the power flow at the pinion and
ring are the same such speed reduction will result in
a high torque multiplication.
 Can also note one specialty of the ring gear, they
are hypoid gear have more contact area compare to
other gear pairs.
 The other function of differential is to turn the
power flow direction by 90 degree.
DRWAWBACK OF STANDARD
DIFFERENTIAL

 It is not working in the situation where

one of the rear wheel having a good
traction and other having a slippery
surface.
 DESIGN PARAMETERS
Input Parameters
 Input power
 Input speed
 Input torque
 Max weight of vehicle
 Distribution of weight at front and rear axel
 Gear ratio
FORCE ACTING TO ROTATE SPIDER GEAR

 A centrifugal and centripetal force are required to turn

the spider gear in anticlock wise while taking right turn
and vice-versa.
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL
IN DIFFERENT TURNING RADIUS ?

 At different turning radius the speed of outer wheel

will vary as compare to inner wheel
 FOR EXAMPLE:-
turning radius of inner wheel = 5meters
turning radius of outer wheel = 6meters
1) The distance travel by inner wheel is circumference
of inner circle = 2*pi*r=>2*3.14*5=>31.41meters
2) The distance travel by outer wheel is
circumference of outer circlr =
2*pi*r=>2*3.14*6=>37.692meters
3) Therfore the relation between two wheels
speed=37.692/31.41=1.2
So, we can say that outer wheel 1.2 times faster than
the inner wheel at this turning radius.
TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL

 Open differential
 Limited slip differential
 Clutch LSD
 Viscous coupling LSD
 Locking LSD
 Torsion LSD