Presented by:

Submitted to :
Proffessor Amita
Chaudhary
 What is FUEL?
• Any combustible substance which is
obtainable in bulk, which may be burnt in
atmospheric air in such a manner that the
heat evolved is capable of being economically
used for domestic & industrial purposes for
heating and for generation of power.
 Classification of fuel

Chemical Fuels

Primary Fuels Secondary Fuels

(i)Occurs in nature and can be used (i)Derived from primary fuels by further
without processing chemical processing

Solid Gas Solid Liquid Gas

Liquid
Eg.Natural Eg.coke,semic Eg.gasoline,ker Eg.Coal
Eg.wood,lignite Eg.crude oil Gas oke osene gas,Water gas
 These were the type of fuels but how will you select which fuel
to be used for what?

• Suitability
• Cost
• Calorific Value
• Ignition Temperature/Kindling Temperature
• Flame Temperature
• Flash Temperature
• Moisture
• Non Combustible Matter Content
• Velocity of Combustion
• Control of Process
• Ash
• Sulphur and Oxygen
• Safety
 Some important characteristics
Ignition Temperature
• It is the lowest temperature at which thesubstance
spontaneously ignites in normal atmosphere without an
external source of ignition like spark.
• It should be moderate.(Why?)

Flame Temperature
• The highest temperature at which an object can be heated by
a flame.
• It increases with the increase in the number of combustibles.
Flash point
•The minimum temperature at which a sample of a fuel
gives off sufficient vapor that catches fire but does not
continue to burn in pressure of air by a naked flame.
•The higher the volatility , smaller the flash point.
Velocity
•It is the measured rate of expansion of the flame
point in a combustible reaction.
•It should be moderate.
Sulphur and Oxygen
•Sulphur and oxygen content in a fuel should be low.
•Sulphur is acidic in nature so it causes corrosion.
•Sulphur when burnt in air converts into sulphur dioxide,
which when released into atmosphere ,can form acidic
solution dissolving in rain to form acid rain.
Oxygen
• Oxygen is a supporter of combustion.
• Too much O2 leads to lower ignition temperature,that means
less heat gets into the system,which is not preferable.