Android

Mobile App Development

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Image source: https://s3.amazonaws.com/user-content.stoplight.io/8987/1541019969018

- linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as smart
phones and tablet computers

- offers a unified approach to application development

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Image source: https://www.zdnet.com/article/android-q-to-get-a-ton-of-new-privacy-features/

Why Android?

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Image source https://www.spec-india.com/blog/why-is-android-app-development-increasingly-popular-today/

Android Versions

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Image source: http://www.androidportal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/versions-of-android.jpg

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Image source: https://bluumi.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/portada-post-android-pie-1-1.png

API Levels

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Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history

Android Architecture

 Runs on top of Linux.

 Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) optimized for mobile devices.
 Integrated browser based on the WebKit engine.
 Optimized graphics with OpenGL ES.
 SQLite database for structured data storage.

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Android Architecture

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Image source: https://developer.android.com/images/system-architecture.jpg

Application Fundamentals

 Applications are written in Java programming language.

 Compiled into an Android package file (.apk).
 Each application runs in its own sandbox and Linux process.
 Applications consist of components, a manifest file and resources.
 Components
 Activities
 Services
 Content providers
 Broadcast receivers

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Activities

 An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.

 Most applications contain multiple activities.
 When a new activity starts, it is pushed onto the back stage.
 User interface can be built with XML or in Java.
 Monitor lifespan through callback methods like onCreate, onStart(), onPause, etc.

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Services

 Services perform long running operations in the background.

 Does not contain a user interface.
 Useful for things like network operations, playing music, etc.
 Runs independently of the components that created it.
 Can be bound to by other application components, if allowed.

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Content Providers

 Used to store and retrieve data and make it accessible to all applications.
 Are the only way to share data across applications.
 Exposes a public URI that uniquely identifies its data set.
 Data is exposed as a simple table on a database model.
 Android contains many providers for things like contacts, media, etc.

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Broadcast Receivers

 A component that responds to system-wide broadcast announcements.

 Examples includes when the screen turns off, the battery is low, etc.
 Applications can also initiate their own broadcasts.
 Broadcast receivers contain no user interface.
 They can create bar notifications to alert the user.

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Android Manifest File

 Applications must have a AndroidManifest.xml file in its root directory.

 Presents information about the application to the android system.
 Describes the components used in the application.
 Declares permissions required to run the application.
 Declares the minimum Android API level that the application requires.

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Lets build our first application…

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