Computer Operating

System and Computer

System Design

SECOND SEMESTER, A.Y. 2019-2020

LESSON OVERVIEW

In order to perform computer maintenance, upgrades, or

repairs, you will need to know the characteristics of major
operating system brands and their pros and cons.

By doing so, you will be able to identify which suits your needs
to meet the requirements.
Computer Operating
System

WEEK 1, SECOND SEMESTER, A.Y. 2018-

2019
FIRST, WHAT IS AN OPERATING
SYSTEM?
Operating System (OS)

An operating system is a kind of software that communicates

with the hardware and gives permission for other programs to
run.
Operating System (OS)

It is composed of:

System Software (Windows, MAC OS X and Linux) and

application

Application Software (Microsoft Office and the

likes)
CLASSIFICATIONS OF OPERATING
SYSTEMS
Classifications of OS

MULTIUSER
enables two or more, even hundreds or thousands of parallel
users, to simultaneously run programs

MULTIPROCESSING
Enables to run a program on two or more CPUs
Classifications of OS

MULTITASKING
enables multiple programs to run at the same time

MULTITHREADING
enables execution of individual processes
simultaneously

REAL TIME
processes data as it comes in quickly and displays
results
 PROS AND CONS OF MAJOR
OPERATING SYSTEMS

WINDOWS, MAC OS and LINUX

WINDOWS - PROS

1. Most popular operating system

2. Compatible with almost all applications and drivers
3. Accessible Technical Support (Online and Offline)
4. Comes with large variety of functions
WINDOWS - CONS

1. Computer virus can go rampant and requires expensive

Anti-Virus software
2. Costly to buy original copy
3. Runs slower because of the amount of computer
resources it requires
MAC OS - PROS

1. Not the usual target of viruses

2. Easier to use than most other operating systems (aside
from Windows)
MAC OS - CONS

1. Most expensive operating system

2. Built into Mac/Apple computers
3. Some applications that run on Windows are not available
for MAC OS
LINUX - PROS

1. It is open source
2. Can be bundled with many free and open source
operating systems based on your needs
3. Less prone to computer virus infection
LINUX - CONS

1. Not that user friendly due to its complexity

2. Limited choices/variety of applications

3. Some commands are executed using console/command

line
 NOTE: To know which is best for your
computer and your specific needs, you
may have to try out each operating
system.
OS ON FOCUS: WINDOWS
Windows Operating System

Windows is the most widely used operating system for

desktop computers. Around 70% of the consumer market uses
Windows on their PCs due to its market availability, support
and innumerable applications that run on it.
Windows XP

Release Date: 2001

Codename: Whistler
Base Kernel: NT 5.1 and 5.2
Editions: Starter, Professional
Supported Architecture: IA-32, IA-64, x86-64
OS Type: Desktop, Workstation and Embedded PCs
Windows 7

Release Date: 2009

Codename: “7” and Vienna
Base Kernel: NT 6.1
Editions: Starter, Home, Basic, Pro, Ultimate, Enterprise
Supported Architecture: IA-32, x86-64
OS Type: Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows 8

Release Date: 2012

Codename: “8”
Base Kernel: NT 6.2
Editions: Pro, Enterprise, RT
Supported Architecture: IA-32, x86-64, ARM V7
OS Type: Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows 8.1

Release Date: 2013

Codename: Blue
Base Kernel: NT 6.3
Editions: Pro, Enterprise, RT 8.1
Supported Architecture: IA-32, x86-64, ARM V7
OS Type: Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows 10

Release Date: 2016

Codename: Redstone
Base Kernel: NT 10.0
Editions: Home, Pro, Enterprise, Education, Mobile, Mobile
Enterprise, IoT Core
Supported Architecture: IA-32, x86-64, ARM V7
OS Type: Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Basic Input Output
System (BIOS) and
CMOS Configuration
Procedures

FIRST SEMESTER, A.Y. 2019-2020

LESSON OVERVIEW

Many people thought that a computer’s BIOS and CMOS are

the same, but actually they are not. BIOS and CMOS are two
distinct computer components that work together to make
the computer function well.
LEARNING EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the discussion, you will be able to:

1. define what is POST and BIOS

2. understand the difference between POST and BIOS
3. recite their common functions and configuration
procedures
TO START THE LESSON...

BIOS is a chip that starts up the computer.

On the other hand…

CMOS is a chip used as a storage device of all the

data needed for the computer to start up.
BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT
SYSTEM (BIOS)

SECOND SEMESTER, A.Y. 2018-2019

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

It is a program stored on a motherboard’s memory chip that

gives instructions for the computer to do basic functions such
as booting and keyboard control. It is also used in the
identification and configuration of hardware installation.
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

BIOS can be accessed based on the computer unit’s model or

motherboard. As basic part of the motherboard, the BIOS thus
functions outside the operating system.

Any changes are applied after saving and rebooting

the computer.
QUICK FACTS ABOUT BIOS
The term Basic Input
Output System was
created by Mr. Gary
Kildall.✞
BIOS first appeared in CP/M
Operating System.
Actual Images of a BIOS Chip

AMIBIOS BIOS CHIP CMOS and BIOS

COMMON FUNCTIONS OF BIOS
Common Functions of BIOS

1. Changing of boot order

2. Loading of BIOS setup defaults
3. Creating and removing of BIOS password
4. Changing driver settings
5. Changing CD/DVD settings
6. Viewing amount of memory installed
7. Changing the boot order of numlock status
Common Functions of BIOS

8. Enabling/disabling computer boot logo

9. Enabling/disabling POST
10. Changing CPU, memory and system voltage settings
 CMOS
(Complementary Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor)
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
(CMOS)

CMOS is considered one of the most widely used integrated

designs for it is almost found in every computer product such
as laptops, handheld devices and even mainframes.
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
(CMOS)

Also, it is a RAM chip located in the computer’s motherboard.

It is a kind of memory that stores data about a computer’s
components and its settings such as date, time and system
setup.

If the CMOS RAM dies, all the stored information

will be lost and will continuously boot to default
settings.
SEATWORK # 1
OS/POST/BIOS/CMOS

FIRST SEMESTER, A.Y. 2019-2020

Instructions:

Answer the following questions based from what you

have learned from our previous discussions. Please copy
and answer in a whole sheet of paper. Answers must be
written in essay form.
Questions:

1. What is an operating system? Kindly explain how it

works (5 pts)
2. What are the three (3) most popular operating
system? Give three (3) advantages and three (3)
disadvantages for each operating sytem. (30 pts)
3. Differentiate Windows XP’s MS-DOS and GUI
Setup. (5pts)
4. What is a BIOS and explain its functions? (5 pts)
5. What is a CMOS? How is it related to BIOS? (5 pts)
SEATWORK # 2
POST/BIOS/CMOS

FIRST SEMESTER, A.Y. 2019-2020

Instructions:

1. Please prepare ¼ sheet of paper.

2. No need to copy the questions.
3. Any form of erasures are not allowed.
4. Cheating is prohibited.
5. No one is allowed to talk.
6. Identify the word/s or phrase being identified
by the questions.
Seatwork # 2 (2 Points each)
1. It is a program stored on a motherboard’s memory chip
that gives instructions to the computer to do basic
functions.
2. It can be accessed by pressing F1, F2 and del.
3. BIOS stands for?
4. POST Stands for?
5. It is a ram chip located on the computer’s
Motherboard.
6. Who created the term BIOS?
7. On what operating system BIOS first appeared?
 INTERACTIVE DISCUSSION
ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF
BIOS AND CMOS
Teacher’s Perspective:

The importance of BIOS and CMOS in computer systems is

there is an independent part that can function on its own and
is not reliant with the operating system.
Student’s Perspective:

Can you please share your thoughts about the importance of

BIOS and CMOS based from the discussion?
HOMEWORK:

Please bring laptop (per group) next meeting for the actual
exploration of the BIOS.