d.

Eye Contact
• Eye contact occurs when two people look at each other's eyes
at the same time. In human beings, eye contact is a form
of nonverbal communication and is thought to have a large
influence on social behaviour. Coined in the early to mid-
1960s, the term came from the West to often define the act
as a meaningful and important sign of confidence, respect,
and social communication. The customs and significance of
eye contact vary between societies, with religious and social
differences often altering its meaning greatly.
• The study of eye contact is sometimes known as oculesics.
• Eye contact and facial expressions provide important social and
emotional information. People, perhaps without consciously doing so,
search other's eyes and faces for positive or negative mood signs. In
some contexts, the meeting of eyes arouses strong emotions.

• Eye contact provides some of the strongest emotions during a social

conversation. This primarily is because it provides details on emotions
and intentions. In a group if eye contact is not inclusive of a certain
individual it can make that individual feel left out of the group, while on
the other hand prolonged eye contact can tell someone you are
interested in what they have to say.
• Eye behaviour also allows us to express our inner feelings to
other- especially our interpersonal attitudes and the level of
intimacy we are experiencing. Think for a moment about the last
time you gazed into the eyes of someone you love .If he or she
responded kindly, you probably felt the “connection” associated
with mutual gaze. If the person diverted his or gazed somewhere
elsein the room or to the floor, you probably felt that something
was amiss.

 This communicative/monitoring function of eye behaviour allows us

not only to collect information but also to regulate the level of
interpersonal intimacy that we are experiencing.
 E. Gestures
• A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication or non-
vocal communication in which visible bodily actions communicate
particular messages, either in place of, or in conjunction with, speech.

• Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of

the body. Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that
does not communicate specific messages, such as
purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint attention.

• Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and

thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often
together with body language in addition to words when they speak.
F. SIGNS

Signs and other articles with

words, pictures or symbols are
considered to nonverbal
communication.
G. CLOTHING AND OTHER
APPURTENANCES SUCH AS BRIEF
CASES,SAFETY GLASSES,AND SO
FORTH.

Types of clothing and your appurtenances sense powerful nonverbal

messages. Some of the messages are intentional as when the person
wears a shirt with his or her favourite athletic team emblazoned on his back
while wearing a conservative, business-like suit every day.
H. Home/Office Decor
• How you decorate your home or office also sends messages to people
who enter. Where you place your desk, the distance between your seat
and those of visitors, whether a piece of furniture separates you from
co-workers all speak powerfully and nonverbally.

i. Tone of voice & other

aspects of paralinguistic
• Paralinguistic is vocal communication separate from actual words used
and includes such factors as infection, pitch, pacing, pauses, and
loudness. It is a form of nonverbal communication which is useful for
telephone and in-person interaction.
j. Touch
• Touch is powerful method of nonverbal communication.
• A pat on the back, hug, a person reaching out touch your hand in
sympathy communicates with or without accompanying words.

K. Physical space
• Just as your use of physical space in your office telegraphs a
message to the receiver, so does the space that you surround
yourself with when working or communicating.
• Most people prefer about 18 inches of spaces around your
physical person when we communicate with others. Anything
closer is viewed as too close and, especially in a working setting,
too intimate.