What is a survey questionnaire ?

is a research instrument consisting of a series of

questions and other prompts for the purpose of
gathering information from respondents.
Advantages of questionnaire ?
1. Practicality.
2. They permit respondents time to consider their
responses carefully without interference from, for
example, an interviewer.
3. It is possible to provide questionnaires to large
numbers of people simultaneously.
4. Each respondent receives the identical set of
questions. With closed-form questions, responses are
standardized, which can assist in interpreting from
large numbers of respondents.
Advantages of questionnaire ?
5. Can address a large number of issues and questions of
concern in a relatively efficient way, with the
possibility of a high response rate.
6. Large amounts of information can be collected from a
large number of people in a short period of time and
in a relatively cost effective way
7. Can be carried out by the researcher or by any
number of people with limited affect to its validity
and reliability
Advantages of questionnaire ?
8. Answers to questions are scored and scores summed
to obtain an overall measure of the attitudes and
opinions of the respondent.
9. They may be mailed / emailed o use FB o twitter to
respondents (not advisable).
10. It is usually argued that anonymity increases the rate
of response and may increase the likelihood that
responses reflect genuinely held opinions
 Disadvantages of questionnaire ?
1. It may be difficult to obtain a good response rate. Often
there is no strong motivation for respondents to respond.
2. They are complex instruments and, if badly designed, can
be misleading.
3. They are an unsuitable method of evaluation if probing is
required – there is usually no real possibility for follow-up
on answers.
4. Quality of data is probably not as high as with alternative
methods of data collection, such as personal interviewing.
5. They can be misused – a mistake is to try to read too much
into questionnaire results.
What questions will I include in a survey?
In making your survey question w/c will be useful in
Marketing & Production Aspect.

1. Put questions that will determine Demand.

Ex. Do you eat snacks? Y/N
2. Put questions w/c will determine Product quality.
Ex. What kind of snacks do you usually eat?
Pasta
Siomai, etc
DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND
 Tastes and Fashions
Tastes and fashions change and are also affected
by advertising, trends, health considerations etc.

 The number and price of related goods

 Substitutes - the higher the price of substitute goods,
the higher the demand will be for this good. If the price of
coffee rises then demand for tea will increase.
 Complements - as the price of complements rises,
demand for the complement falls and so too will demand
for the good in question. If the price of petrol rises then
demand for cars will fall.
DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND
 Income
 As people’s income rises demand for goods and services
rise too. Goods which obey this rule are called - Normal
Goods. However the exception to this is an inferior good.
Demand for inferior goods will fall as income rises. If
margarine is considered an inferior good, as income rises,
people will switch to butter. The distribution of incomes
will have an effect too.
DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND
 Expectations of future price changes
 If people expect prices to rise in the near future they will
try to beat the increase by buying early and vice versa.

 Population
 The size and make up of the population affect demand. If
there is a
 growing population more food is demanded. If the
population is stable but is ageing (like Italy) things that
old people need will increase in demand - i.e. health care.
DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLY
1. Costs of Production
 Change in input prices: wages, raw materials etc.
 Change in technology
 Organization changes leading to increased/decreased
efficiency
 Government policy including taxes and subsidies.
2. Profitability of alternative goods in supply.
 If a farmer makes a greater profit from pineapples than
rice, supply of rice will decrease and pineapples increase.
DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLY
3. Expectations of future prices
 If the price of a good is expected to rise the supplier may
hoard stock (reducing supply now) in order to benefit
later (increase in supply later).
4. Profitability of goods in joint-supply
 If the supply of beef increases there will be a
corresponding increase in supply of leather as one is a by-
product of the other.