LIGHT

LIGHT
Light is an electromagnetic radiation within a
certain portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
It’s a form of energy.
It always travels in a straight line.
Speed of light is 3 × 10^8.
Bunch of light rays form a beam.
 DISPERSION OF LIGHT
The dispersion of light is the
phenomenon of splitting of a
beam of white light into its seven
constituent colours when passed
through a transparent medium. It
was discovered by Isaac Newton
in 1666. Thus the spectrum is a
band of seven colours which is
obtained by splitting of
white light by a glass prism.
V-IOLET
I-NDIGO
B-LUE
G-REEN
Y-ELLOW
O-RANGE
R-ED
WAVELENGTHS & FREQUENCIES

Violet bends most as it has shortest wavelength.

Red bends the least as it has the longest wavelength.

•Violet has the highest frequency.

•Red has the lowest frequency.
 Reflection
• The throwing back by a body or surface of
light, heat, or sound without absorbing it.
• An amount of light, heat, or sound that is
reflected by a body or surface.
• An image seen in a mirror or shiny surface.
 Laws of reflection
• The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the
reflection surface at the point of the incidence lie in the
same plane.
• The angle which the incident ray makes with the normal
is equal to the angle which the reflected ray makes to the
same normal.
• The reflected ray and the incident ray are on the opposite
sides of the normal.
 Angle of Reflection

Definition:
The angle made by a
reflected ray with a
perpendicular to the
reflecting surface.
 REFRACTION
Refraction is basically termed
as bending of light.Refraction
is the bending of a wave when
it enters a medium where its
speed is different.
Laws of Refraction
• The incident ray, the refracted ray and the
normal to the interface of two media at the
point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
• For the light of a given color and for given
pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the
angle of incidence to the sine of the angle
of refraction is constant.
• If the light ray is travelling from a lighter
medium to a denser medium so it will bend
towards the normal.

• If the light ray is travelling from a denser

medium to a lighter medium it will bend away
from the normal.
Examples of
refraction
 Angle of Refraction
The angle of refraction is
the measurable quantity
that indicates the amount
of refraction taking place
at any boundary. A
comparison of the angle of
refraction to the angle of
incidence provides a good
measure of the refractive
ability of any given
boundary. the relationship
between the angles of
incidence and refraction is
also known as Snell’s law.
 Critical
Angle
The angle of incidence
beyond which rays of
light passing through a
denser medium to the
surface of a less dense
medium are no longer
refracted but totally
reflected.
Emergent
ray
Emergent ray is
the ray which
emerges at the
source of light.
incident ray is an
acronym of
emergent ray. It is
always parallel to
the incident ray.
Total Internal Reflection
• Basically it is the complete reflection of a light
ray reaching an interface with a less dense
medium when the angle of incidence exceeds
the critical angle.
 Requirements:
• the light is in the denser medium and
approaching the less dense medium.
• the angle of incidence is greater than the so-
called critical angle.
 Properties Of
Plain Mirror
• The image is of the same
size as the object.
• It is laterally inverted.
• It is upright.
• It is virtual.
• It is at a position as far
behind the mirror as the
object is in front of the
mirror.
Thank you for
your attention