MIKROBIAL GENETICS

Group 8
Mirna indah safitri (17231021)
Latifa paradigma (172310)

Lecturer:
Firda Az Zahra, S. Pd, M. Si.

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN IPA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
2019
Genetic material

Material (material) that is DNA

responsible for genetic
information systems
(inheritance)

RNA
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Nucleic acids that make up genes in the cell nucleus

DEOXYRIBO

DNA

NUCLEID ACID
DNA Structure

Phosphate group

deoxyribose sugar

Nitrogen base
-Purin ( Adenin and
Guanin)
-Pirimidin ( Timin
and Citosin)
 DNA FUNCTION

Express genetic
Bring genetic information
information

Synthesize other chemical

Hasil a role in inheritance
molecules

Duplicating yourself or
replicating
 Characteristics of DNA

The amount of DNA is constant

The DNA content depends on the ploidy nature or the number of

chromosomes

The shape of DNA in eukaryotic threads is not branched

The shape of DNA in prokaryotic, plastid, and mitochondrial

nuclei is circular in shape
RNA ( Ribonucleid Acid)
Polynucleotide macromolecules in the form of single
or double chains that are not twisted like DNA.

A polymer composed of
nucleotides

Each nucleate consists of a

phosphate group, ribose
sugar, and one nitrogenous
base

The polymer is
composed of
intermittent bonds
 RNA Functions

Play a role in the There are several types of

viruses, RNA acts like DNA
process of protein
to carry genetic
synthesis in cells. information.
 RNA Types

1. Messenger-RNA, mRNA

2. Ribosomal-RNA, rRNA

3. Transfer-RNA, tRNA
 Characteristics of RNA

Can be found in Cytoplasm

Has a single chain shape

Nitrogen basa in RNA is Purin and

pirimidin

RNA uses ribose as a sugar

component
In general, the process of protein synthesis is
divided into 3 stages as follows :

DNA
Transcription Translation
Replication
Phase Stage
Stage
 DNA Replication Stage
enzim helikase
release the bases and
replication is the process hydrogen bonds
of synthesizing new DNA enzim
found in the DNA
that occurs in the cell helikase
sequence. During the
nucleus.A replication process,
Transcription Phase
where the DNA will form RNA
by deciphering the genetic
code derived from DNA. At
mRNA tRNA rRNA
this stage will produce 3 types
of RNA, namely:

At this stage there is a single

chain that acts as a chain of
sense, while other chains
that originate from DNA
pairs are called anti-sense
chains.
The transcription stage itself is divided into 3
stages :

Initiation

Elongation

Termination
 Translation Stage
the process of translating
codon codes derived from
RNA m to become amino
acids which will later form
proteins
At this stage there are at least 20
types of amino acids needed to
be able to form proteins derived
from the translation of the
mRNA codon. Furthermore,
some of these amino acids will
produce specific polypeptide
chains and later will form
specific proteins.
The translation process itself is divided into
3 stages:

Termination

Elongation

Initiation
 Initiation

At this stage the ribosome

assembles around the
mRNA to be read and the
first tRNA to carry the
amino acid methionine
(which matches the start
codon, AUG). This section
is needed so that the
translation phase can
begin.
Elongation

the stage at which the amino acid

chain is extended. Here the
mRNA is read one codon once,
and the amino acids
corresponding to the codon are
added to the protein chain. During
elongation, tRNA moves past the
A, P, and E sites of the ribosome.
This process is repeated
continuously as new codons are
read and new amino acids are
added to the chain.
Termination

tahap dimana rantai

polipeptida
dilepaskan. Proses ini
dimulai ketika stop
kodon (UAG, UAA
atau UGA) memasuki
ribosom, membuat
rantai polipeptida
terpisah dari tRNA
dan lepas keluar dari
ribosom.