PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis is the process of

making high-energy food
molecules from simpler
components, which are carried out
by plants autotrophs (plants that
can make their own food)
 Photosynthesis experiment

Ingenhousz Experiment
(1799) proves that
photosynthesis produces
oxygen (O2)
 Experiment: Sachs (1860)
Proving: That
Photosynthesis
Produces "Amylum"
 Photosyntesis function

To produce glucose as
the main energy source

Raw materials and

energy sources in
modern life

Clean the air

 Photosyntesis

chloroplast - green plastide where photosynthesis takes

place. Chlorophyll - a green plant pigment inside chloroplast
which absorbs the light needed for thylakoid photosynthesis
- flat, pouch-like membrane inside chloroplasts; contain
chlorophyll.
granum (jm.grana) - thylakoid pile.
stroma lamellae (jm. stroma lamella) - a pipe-shaped
membrane that connects grana inside chloroplast.
stroma - liquid matrix of chloroplast
 Potongan melintang Khloroplas
chlorophyll

Stroma Lamella

thylakoid
Granum

stroma
 photosynthesis

This reaction takes place in two separate reactions

1. Bright Reactions - reactions that use water and sunlight as well release
oxygen. Also referred to as Hill Reaction.

2. Dark reactions - reactions that use carbon dioxide and produce

carbohydrates. Also called Calvin-Benson Cycle or Photosynthetic Carbon
Reduction (PCR) Cycle.
Reaksi Terang Fotosintesis Reaksi Gelap
thylakoid stroma
 Cahaya

Reaksi terang

H2O
Reaksi terang
(Dalam Grana)
O2

Fotosintesis ATP NADP ADP+Pi NADP+

H

CO2

Reaksi gelap
Reaksi Gelap
(dalam stroma)

Gula
Phosphorus is the main pathway for metabolism that requires
energy. The photosynthesis process consists of two stages,
1. namely the stage that requires light is called a bright reaction or a
light reaction consisting of photosystem I and photosystem II where
here the process of solar energy changes that is captured by color
pigments and transformed into ATP and NADPH energy molecules;
2. stages which are not ray dependent because they can occur in
dark conditions provided that ATP and NADPH are available enough
to synthesize organic molecules from the basic ingredients of CO2
and H2O. The first step to attach the CO2 molecule to the ribulose
bisphosphate enzyme is called carbon fixation, followed by the next
step which is entering the Calvin cycle or the Calvin-Benson cycle
with the final result of the organic group (sugar)
 FACTORS AFFECTING
PHOTOSINTESIS

External factor
1. The content of water Internal factor
and minerals in the soil HEREDITY
2. Temperature
3. CO2 content in the air FACTOR
4. O2 content
Photosynthate translocation

Translocation is the transfer

of dissolved substances that
can occur in all parts of the
plant.
Occurs in phloem
 Phloem Structure:
a. Filter elements (sieve
elements)
b. accompanying cell /
transfer
c. Intermediary cells
Differences in transport via phloem
& transport via xylem
Floem:
} Lasts through living cells
} To transport organic
compounds
} Two-way movement
} Slow / maximum flow rate
of 1 m / hour Xylem:
} Goes through dead cells
} For transport of water and
nutrients (inorganic)
} The movement is in the same
direction
} Fast / maximum flow rate of
15 m / hour.
 Mechanism of transporting
photosynthesis (translocation)

Theory of Theory of mass

cytoplasmic flow (pressure)
flow by Erns Munch,
1930